Examples of using Horizontal diversification in English and their translations into Arabic
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In this context particularattention should be paid to vertical and horizontal diversification.
Another important core issue was greater horizontal diversification, as opposed to vertical diversification. .
It was stressed that the strategic approach to the commodity sector should be investments in both vertical and horizontal diversification.
That should be complemented with horizontal diversification into high-value, income-elastic products within a coherent production and marketing strategy.
The goal of the programme is thestructural transformation of the African economies through vertical and horizontal diversification of the commodity sector.
People also translate
Secondly, it involves horizontal diversification of production(e.g. introducing new crops or new varieties/qualities of traditional crops).
Identification and analysis of opportunites created by the Uruguay Round for, inter alia, horizontal diversification and increased domestic processing in developing countries.
(b) Projects should promote horizontal diversification(into other commodities); vertical diversification(into the processing of commodities); or new end-uses;
An economy such as that of Tanzania ' s is both fragile and inflexible and, therefore,demands both vertical and horizontal diversification to make it viable and sustainable.
Contributing to vertical and horizontal diversification in commodity-dependent countries and promoting the use of risk-management instruments in favour of producers and exporters;
The main objective of the System-wide Plan of Action is thestructural transformation of African economies through vertical and horizontal diversification of the commodity sector.
(vi) Diversification can involve horizontal diversification into new commodities, vertical diversification whereby value is added to existing commodities, and the development of new end-uses.
United Nations system support programmes should also aim totransform the structure of African economies through the vertical and horizontal diversification of the commodity sector.
While export diversification into value addition,manufacturing and services is important, horizontal diversification, including into non-traditional exports, is crucial for the growth and development prospects of LDCs;
In particular, we urge the international community to provide resources and technical assistance to countries thatdepend on commodities to build the capacity for vertical and horizontal diversification of commodities.
And encourages it to continue to assist, in accordance with the outcome of its ninth session, in vertical and horizontal diversification in commodity-dependent countries and to promote the use of risk management in favour of producers and exporters;
(c) To widen the basis through horizontal diversification, thereby expanding the range of commodities and their products and exports, and to move where possible into manufacturing of non-commodity based products and into services.
UNCTAD 's ongoing work on improving the competitiveness of commodity sectors and vertical and horizontal diversification will be informed by the need to respond to the changes taking place.
In the light of a world market situation where there are ample supplies of most traditional commodities, the emphasis needs to be put on further processing of commodities(vertical diversification) and entry into high value-added quality products(horizontal diversification).
The extent to which the African countries would benefit from commodity diversification, particularly horizontal diversification, will depend on the situation in the world market for commodities and the trend in diversification in other countries.
An attempt has been made not only to focus on traditional commodity exports of interest to developing countries, but also to identify emerging dynamic markets for non-traditional commodities of potential interest to developing countries,particularly for the horizontal diversification of their production and exports.
(f) Assistance beprovided to developing countries in the area of vertical and horizontal diversification in order to enlarge their exports bases and to allow those countries that have not yet reached this stage to create the conditions appropriate to attract foreign capital;
Diversify commodity-dependent economies: Reduce commodity dependence and terms of trade losses, price stabilization, including measures for supply management, enhance competitiveness of African commodities in Africa and international markets,processing of agricultural commodities to add value, horizontal diversification into dynamic products where there is comparative advantage,diversification of markets to non-traditional partners.
Although some individual success stories of vertical and horizontal diversification can be cited, most African economies depend on a small number of agricultural or mineral primary commodities, often exported in unprocessed forms, for the bulk of their foreign exchange earnings.
(b) While diversification into value addition and manufacture is important for the long-term sustainability of economic growth anddevelopment in LDCs, horizontal diversification is essential for the growth and development prospects of many of the poorest countries of the world.
Three diversification measures exist: horizontal diversification into alternative crops, vertical diversification into agricultural products and processes that capture a higher proportion of the value chain as well as diversification into non-agricultural activities that exploit comparative advantage.
In recent years, the term has been used to encompass producing new crops with unrelated price movements-that is, horizontal diversification into income-elastic, high-value agricultural commodities such as horticultural products(e.g. fruits and cut flowers) and fishery products.
A horizontal diversification programme must incorporate more dynamic, higher-value-added products such as fruits, vegetables, fish and seafood, as well as temperate products such as grains and meats, which are unrelated to existing or traditional exports, in order to attain a balance between commodities subject to persistent and short-lived shocks.
Other policy proposalssuggested by experts in the agriculture sector included(a) horizontal diversification, i.e. investing in a broader range of commodities;(b) price stabilization mechanisms; and(c) risk management tools such as a vulnerability fund and market-based financial instruments.
Vertical diversification, through increased processing to enhance the value of existing commodities, and horizontal diversification, through the production of a wider range of exports for the domestic and external markets, including the development of new uses for traditional commodities, lead to increased job opportunities and higher incomes.