Examples of using Surplus countries in English and their translations into German
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Political
Surplus countries, too, must do their part, which is in their own interest.
The misallocation of resourceswill entail welfare losses also in the surplus countries.
In surplus countries in particular, such expansionary measures would also promote imports.
There are additional issues related to surplus countries that require further investigation.
For surplus countries that want to accumulate reserves, it would reduce exchange-rate risk.
Then there was a ratherhypothetical discussion of what would happen if strong surplus countries- say, Finland or Germany- left.
The sectoral differences among the surplus countries will shape the rebalancing pattern in the coming years.
Surplus countries, too, must adopt measures to strengthen the domestic economy by creating incentives for investment and employment.
But these trade surpluses immediately create mountains of profits in the surplus countries that far exceed their investment needs.
Among the surplus countries the budget deficit in the Federal Republic of Germany should decrease by'A to 1 percentage point in 1989.
I agree with the possibility of calling for structural reforms in surplus countries, but most attention should be given to deficit countries. .
Provided the surplus countries invest in the deficit countries, these imbalances pose no macroeconomic problem.
So, before it could assume the role of global reservemanager, new surplus countries would need substantially more influence over the Fund's governance.
Removing the trade imbalances between the differentcountries requires increasing domestic demand in the surplus countries, i. e.
The global economy needs the surplus countries to sustain growth and reduce excess savings- no easy task.
Thus, deficit countries have to control price andwage growth to improve competitiveness, while surplus countries may have to accept some inflation.
Surplus countries such as Germany should continue to liberalise services in order to increase investments was the advice of Pier Carlo Padoan, Deputy Secretary-General of the OECD.
These imbalances need to be addressed, the UN advises, through economic stimulus in the surplus countries to offset the effects of demand deflation in the US.
But that misses the entire point: surplus countries must contribute no less than deficit countries to global and regional rebalancing, because the world economy cannot export to outer space.
Using exchange rates to boost net exports is a zero-sum game at a time when private and public deleveraging is suppressing domestic demand in countries that are running current-account deficits andstructural issues are having the same effect in surplus countries.
The trend reversals in"troubled" Member Stateson the one hand and"surplus countries" on the other have been supportive of external rebalancing, which was needed in particular within the Euro Area.
Surplus countries have capital-intensive oligopolistic industries that produce capital goods and consumer goods which the periphery cannot produce at all or cannot produce at competitive prices.
And I also know that the complementary pressures on Europe to import funds, and on surplus countries to diversify their currency holdings, will make European travel increasingly expensive in dollar terms.
Instead, the immediate focus needs to be on boosting investment and exports in economies with a current-account deficit- such as France, Italy, andSpain(and the United Kingdom)- and stimulating consumption in surplus countries such as Germany and the Netherlands.
But this adjustment of relativeprices via currency movements is stalled, because surplus countries are resisting exchange-rate appreciation in favor of imposing recessionary deflation on deficit countries. .
The absence of social democrats in the tradition of Bruno Kreisky created the political space for anti-crisis policies which gave rise to a new andinvisible economic wall between the creditor surplus countries of the North and the debtor deficit countries of the South.
As long as US assets were attractive to residents of surplus countries(or there was an acceptable chain of investments from surplus countries that ended in the US), these accumulations of reserves were sustainable.
An increase in investment and/or reduction in their overall savings could be beneficial for Germany andother surplus countries like the Netherlands, without impairing their competitiveness, all the more so as surplus countries tend to have investment-to-GDP ratios lower than the EU average.
But, because Germany and the other northern surplus countries remain hawkish on price stability, real exchange-rate adjustment within the eurozone requires actual wage and price deflation in the distressed southern economies.
More interesting is thequestion of how long it will last until surplus countries, like Japan, Switzerland and Germany(which joined the club of surplus countries in 2000), realize that they are the big losers in this world economy game and that they are guilty of the global imbalances.