Examples of using Parallel postulate in English and their translations into Portuguese
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I have stitched Euclid's parallel postulate on to the surface.
The parallel postulate seemed less obvious than the others.
I have stitched Euclid's parallel postulate on to the surface.
In 1863 Hoüel expressed his doubts about the verifiability of the parallel postulate of Euclid.
Euclid's parallel postulate has turned out to be independent of the other axioms.
In hyperbolic geometry there are at least two distinct lines through"P" which do not intersect"R",so the parallel postulate is false.
To do this he assumed that the parallel postulate was false, and attempted to derive a contradiction.
The outstanding objectives were to make Euclidean geometry rigorous(avoiding hidden assumptions) andto make clear the ramifications of the parallel postulate.
They all experimented with negating the parallel postulate, only to discover that this gave rise to entire alternative geometries.
Historically, the fourth angle of a Lambert quadrilateral was of considerable interest since if it could be shown to be a right angle,then the Euclidean parallel postulate could be proved as a theorem.
Here's two creatures who have never heard of Euclid's parallel postulate-- didn't know it was impossible to violate, and they're simply getting on with it.
We have studied their angles, their sides, their areas and stabilished relations to their elements, making use of several theorems as the pasch's postulate, however,our main fundamentation is on the parallel postulate.
Many mathematicians over the centuries tried to prove the parallel postulate from the other four, but weren't able to do so.
In geometry, the parallel postulate, also called Euclid's fifth postulate because it is the fifth postulate in Euclid's"Elements", is a distinctive axiom in Euclidean geometry.
It is named after Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri, who used it extensively in his book Euclides ab omni naevo vindicatus(literally Euclid Freed of Every Flaw) first published in 1733,an attempt to prove the parallel postulate using the method Reductio ad absurdum.
Here's two creatures who have never heard of Euclid's parallel postulate-- didn't know it was impossible to violate, and they're simply getting on with it.
The parallel postulate in Euclidean geometry is equivalent to the statement(Playfair's axiom) that, in two-dimensional space, for any given line"R" and point"P" not on"R", there is exactly one line through"P" that does not intersect"R"; i.e., that is parallel to"R.
Beginning to suspect that it was impossible to prove the Parallel Postulate, they set out to develop a self-consistent geometry in which that postulate was false.
In one statement derived from the original, it was to find geometries whose axioms are closest to those of Euclidean geometry if the ordering and incidence axioms are retained, the congruence axioms weakened,and the equivalent of the parallel postulate omitted.
For example, Euclidean geometry without the parallel postulate is incomplete; it is not possible to prove or disprove the parallel postulate from the remaining axioms.
The parallel postulate of Euclidean geometry is replaced with: For any given line R and point P not on R, in the plane containing both line R and point P there are at least two distinct lines through P that do not intersect R.(compare this with Playfair's axiom, the modern version of Euclid's parallel postulate) Hyperbolic plane geometry is also the geometry of saddle surfaces and pseudospherical surfaces.
For example, Euclidean geometry without the parallel postulate is incomplete, because some statements in the language(such as the parallel postulate itself) can not be proved from the remaining axioms.
All the work related to the Parallel Postulate revealed that it was quite difficult for a geometer to separate his logical reasoning from his intuitive understanding of physical space, and, moreover, revealed the critical importance of doing so.
Though Omar Khayyám was also unsuccessful in proving the parallel postulate, his criticisms of Euclid's theories of parallels and his proof of properties of figures in non-Euclidean geometries contributed to the eventual development of non-Euclidean geometry.
In addition to the independence of the parallel postulate, established by Nikolai Lobachevsky in 1826(Lobachevsky 1840), mathematicians discovered that certain theorems taken for granted by Euclid were not in fact provable from his axioms.