Examples of using A complete graph in English and their translations into Russian
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All acyclic orientations of a complete graph are transitive.
In the worst case, every pair of vertices is connected,giving a complete graph.
It consists of a complete graph K 4{\displaystyle K_{4}} minus one edge.
In older mathematical terminology, the phrase"universal graph" was sometimes used to denote a complete graph.
The Turán graph T(2n, n)can be formed by removing a perfect matching from a complete graph K2n.
The number of perfect matchings in a complete graph Kn(with n even) is given by the double factorial(n- 1)!!
The root of the tree is labeled a serial node, andthe quotient defined by the children is a complete graph.
In principle, n mirrors can be represented by a complete graph in which all n(n- 1)/ 2 branches are drawn.
A complete graph K n{\displaystyle K_{n}} of n vertices requires χ( K n) n{\displaystyle\chi(K_{n})=n} colors.
This also implies that the graph of B3 is a complete graph K6, and thus B3 is a neighborly polytope.
In an Apollonian network, every maximal clique is a complete graph on four vertices, formed by choosing any vertex and its three earlier neighbors.
If a graph G has a haven of order k, with k≥ h3/2n1/2 for some integer h,then G must also have a complete graph Kh as a minor.
The bipartite double cover of a complete graph Kn is a crown graph a complete bipartite graph Kn, n minus a perfect matching.
Cyclic polytopes have the largest possible number of faces for a given number of vertices, and in dimensions four ormore have the property that their edges form a complete graph.
For example, all subsets of the vertices of a complete graph are modules, which means that there are many different ways of decomposing it recursively.
In the other direction, the proof is more difficult, andinvolves showing that in each case(except the Klein bottle) a complete graph with a number of vertices equal to the given number of colors can be embedded on the surface.
There are n! different sequences of vertices that might be Hamiltonian paths in a given n-vertex graph(and are, in a complete graph), so a brute force search algorithm that tests all possible sequences would be very slow.
For instance, a complete graph on an uncountable set of vertices does not have one: a normal spanning tree in a complete graph can only be a path, but a path has only a countable number of vertices.
As Hajós(1961) showed, every k-critical graph may be formed from a complete graph Kk by combining the Hajós construction with an operation that identifies two non-adjacent vertices.
One method for constructing a 1-factorization of a complete graph on an even number of vertices involves placing all but one of the vertices on a circle, forming a regular polygon, with the remaining vertex at the center of the circle.
Roberts(1969) showed that the graph with 2n vertices formed by removing a perfect matching from a complete graph on 2n vertices has boxicity exactly n: each pair of disconnected vertices must be represented by boxes that are separated in a different dimension than each other pair.
Cameron, Edmonds& Lovász(1986)proved that, if the edges of a complete graph are partitioned into three subgraphs in such a way that every three vertices induce a connected graph in one of the three subgraphs, and if two of the subgraphs are perfect, then the third subgraph is also perfect.
The graphs of several polyhedra and polytopes are claw-free, including the graph of the tetrahedron andmore generally of any simplex(a complete graph), the graph of the octahedron and more generally of any cross polytope(isomorphic to the cocktail party graph formed by removing a perfect matching from a complete graph), the graph of the regular icosahedron, and the graph of the 16-cell.
In the special case r 2{\displaystyle r=2},we have a complete graph K n{\displaystyle K_{n}} on n{\displaystyle n} vertices, and we wish to color the edges with( n 2) 2 n n- 1{\displaystyle{\binom{n}{2}}{\frac{2}{n}}=n-1} colors so that the edges of each color form a perfect matching.
The crown graph can be viewed as a complete bipartite graph from which the edges of a perfect matching have been removed, as the bipartite double cover of a complete graph, as the tensor product Kn× K2, as the complement of the Cartesian direct product of Kn and K2, or as a bipartite Kneser graph Hn, 1 representing the 1-item and(n- 1)-item subsets of an n-item set, with an edge between two subsets whenever one is contained in the other.
In particular, the rectilinear crossing number of a complete graph is essentially the same as the minimum number of convex quadrilaterals determined by a set of n points in general position.
Other open problems concerning the chromatic number of graphs include the Hadwiger conjecture stating that every graph with chromatic number k has a complete graph on k vertices as a minor, the Erdős-Faber-Lovász conjecture bounding the chromatic number of unions of complete graphs that have at exactly one vertex in common to each pair, and the Albertson conjecture that among k-chromatic graphs the complete graphs are the ones with smallest crossing number.