Examples of using Equivalence classes in English and their translations into Russian
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Real numbers are defined as the equivalence classes of this relation.
The equivalence classes are called the leaves of the foliation.
In particular→ is a partial order on equivalence classes of directed graphs.
Its equivalence classes are called homeomorphism classes. .
These scenarios consist of several types of test cases which are based on the equivalence classes methodology.
Valid equivalence classes representing valid input data of the program;
This action splits the whole function space up into equivalence classes, i.e. orbits of the group action.
The division into equivalence classes is performed after the analysis of the real data used by real surveillance systems.
This is not the case for surreal number forms, butis true by construction for surreal numbers equivalence classes.
So strictly speaking,the surreal numbers are equivalence classes of representations of form{ L| R} that designate the same number.
The equivalence classes of the P{\displaystyle P}-indiscernibility relation are denoted P{\displaystyle_{P.
The general problem we consider is the enumeration of equivalence classes of functions f: N→ X{\displaystyle f: N\to X.
Equivalence classes are identified by selecting each input condition and by dividing it into two or more groups.
The numeric forms are placed in equivalence classes; each such equivalence class is a surreal number.
The Lorentz group is doubly connected,i. e. π1(SO(3; 1)) is a group with two equivalence classes of loops as its elements.
Thus π1(SO(3; 1))is a group with two equivalence classes of loops as its elements, or put more simply, SO(3; 1) is doubly connected.
The informal interpretations of{ 1|} and{| -1} are"the number just after 1" and"the number just before -1" respectively;their equivalence classes are labeled 2 and -2.
So the elements break up into equivalence classes, such that each equivalence class is the set of non-identity elements of a maximal abelian subgroup.
This definition must be abandoned in ZF andrelated systems of axiomatic set theory because these equivalence classes are too large to form a set.
The equivalence classes of this relation are called 2-edge-connected components, and the bridges of the graph are exactly the edges whose endpoints belong to different components.
Normal spanning trees are also closely related to the ends of an infinite graph, equivalence classes of infinite paths that, intuitively, go to infinity in the same direction.
If it is reasonable to believe that different elements of the equivalence class are handled by the program in different ways,then this equivalence class is divided into smaller equivalence classes.
The lattice has 4×4060 minimal vectors; if minimal vectors are identified whenever one is 1, i, -1, or-i times another,then the 4060 equivalence classes can be identified with the points of the rank 3 permutation representation.
The equivalence classes at each stage n of induction may be characterized by their n-complete forms each containing as many elements as possible of previous generations in its left and right sets.
Being mutually friendly is an equivalence relation, andthus induces a partition of the positive naturals into clubs(equivalence classes) of mutually friendly numbers.
The binary relation of nonadjacency in M is an equivalence relation, and its equivalence classes provide a k-coloring of G. However, this proof is more difficult to generalize than the compactness proof.
If the input condition describes a set of input values and there is reason to believe that each value is handled specifically by the program,then for each value, valid and invalid equivalence classes are defined For instance,"ACCOUNTANT.
The poset of equivalence classes of graphs under homomorphisms is a distributive lattice, with the join of and defined as(the equivalence class of) the disjoint union, and the meet of and defined as the tensor product the choice of graphs G and H representing the equivalence classes and does not matter.
We can generalize further by allowing other groups of permutations to act on N and X. If G is a group of permutations of N, and H is a group of permutations of X,then we count equivalence classes of functions f: N→ X{\displaystyle f\colon N\rightarrow X.
Each of the groups in this section has two cell structure diagrams, which are to be interpreted as follows(it is the shape that is significant, not the colour):On the right-hand side diagrams, different equivalence classes of symmetry elements are colored(and rotated) differently.