Examples of using Procyclical in English and their translations into Russian
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Official
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Colloquial
Today, the MNE is undertaking an openly procyclical policy.
In keeping with its usual procyclical pattern, intraregional trade rose steeply as the regional economy expanded.
In particular, Roubini urges that the capital ratio requirements for banks should be made less procyclical 1.
There is a need to secure more stable and predictable, and less procyclical aid flows for the poorest countries.
Procyclical if they move in the same direction- the contemporaneous correlation coefficient, ρ(0), is positive;
In addition, the costs of the adverse consequences of procyclical policies for many developing countries are high.
In our opinion, the use of funds from NF did not correspond to countercyclical policies andwas of a certain procyclical nature.
The procyclical behaviour of finance and the vulnerability of countries to external shocks result in economic insecurity for individuals and households.
Each cycle has been closely tied to policy events in the major reserve-issuing countries andhave confirmed the procyclical bias of the global financial system.
Another thing to note is that the effect of procyclical stock investment vehicles such as Exchange-Traded Funds(ETFs) in the U.S. stock market has recently increased.
We need to take into account the asymmetric effects of various economic shocks on LDCs,especially against the backdrop of procyclical capital flows into the LDCs.
The procyclical nature of private capital flows also increased the risk of financial and balance of payments crises experienced by many emerging market economies during the 1990s and 2000s.
Ensuring that lending conditions imposed by the international community support increased spending on social protection anddo not impose procyclical conditions on borrowers.
Countries wishing to avoid the procyclical impact of capital flows can implement capital controls; such measures have been relatively successful in curbing undesired capital movements.
High underemployment and public sector employment in the region have functioned as economic stabilizers andhave partly helped to avert chronic procyclical unemployment.
Countercyclical capital charges,aimed to reduce the procyclical bias of existing regulations, might prove to be too difficult to implement in practice, given the difficulty in defining economic cycles.
While a counter-cyclical economic policy has formally been announced,economic policy has actually been incredibly procyclical for two years and plans for 2016 indicate that this trend will continue.
Although FDI is generally the most stable component of private capital flows to developing countries,studies have shown that FDI in the financial sector is destabilizing and procyclical.
Procyclical adjustments by individual countries induced by the lack of required resources would be in direct conflict with the agreed global effort to overcome the collapse in private consumption and investment afflicting all countries.
The diminished fiscal space has limited the ability of Governments to pursue countercyclical fiscal policies; worst of all, the focus on aggregate debts and deficits orinflation made macroeconomic policies procyclical.
Any attempt in the past year by the German Government to adhere to the fiscal targets established in the Stability Programme would have had procyclical effects, with the risk of making the budgetary position even worse.
The diminished fiscal space has limited the ability of Governments to pursue countercyclical fiscal policies; worst of all, the focus on aggregate debts and deficits orinflation made macroeconomic policies procyclical.
The representatives of developed countries say that recession makes it impossible to provide financing for development, butthe recession is the result of procyclical policies funded by tax cuts, massive worker layoffs, cuts to social spending and so on.
The volatility and procyclical nature of private capital flows to developing countries explain, in part, why no evidence can be found that such movements of capital have resulted in general in increased investment or higher long-term economic growth during the past three decades.
There is also incoherence between principles of aid effectiveness andground realities such as the misalignment between the need for stable flows for development and the procyclical nature of ODA flows.
Further details may be found in Graciela Kaminsky, Carmen M. Reinhart and Carlos A. Végh,"when it rains,it pours: procyclical capital flows and macroeconomic policies", NBER Working Paper, No. 10780 Cambridge, Massachusetts, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.
The lending conditions imposed by these institutions regarding fiscal targets are now more flexible than in the past,although critical assessments of the support provided by IMF suggest that the institution is still imposing procyclical conditions on many borrowers.
With the liberalization of the capital account,financial flows have become more unstable and highly procyclical: inflows of external capital increase as domestic aggregate demand grows and contributes to currency appreciation, which encourages further financial inflows.
This would include examining the scope for countercyclical regulations, as well as financial instruments, such as bonds linked to GDP and commodity prices,which should help to mitigate some of the risks associated with procyclical foreign private capital flows see A/66/329.
The conditions attached to the Fund's recent loans have been fewer and more targeted than in the past; however, many IMF country programmes still contain procyclical elements, such as public sector spending reductions amid sharply falling global demand, that can unnecessarily exacerbate an economic downturn in a number of developing countries.