Examples of using Spanning trees in English and their translations into Russian
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Direct and back spanning trees of a graph are constructed.
Parallel calculations by automata on direct and back spanning trees of a graph.
They have also been called normal spanning trees, especially in the context of infinite graphs.
Normal spanning trees are also closely related to the ends of an infinite graph, equivalence classes of infinite paths that, intuitively, go to infinity in the same direction.
Building direct and back spanning trees by automata on a graph.
The spanning trees constructed can be used in distributed computation of a function of the multiset of values assigned to graph vertices in a time not greater than 3d.
For uniformly random point sets it is possible to compute minimum spanning trees as quickly as sorting.
At the upper level, the minimum spanning trees may be searched for separate parts of the list of graph edges parallel operations"compute_MST" in figure 2.
Therefore, finding minimum connected dominating sets is equivalent to finding spanning trees with the maximum possible number of leaves.
This inverse appears in the time complexity of some algorithms, such as the disjoint-set data structure andChazelle's algorithm for minimum spanning trees.
On basis of the obtained graphs we built minimum spanning trees(MST) and calculated some of their characteristics.
Computing spanning trees, clique partitions, cliques, and independent sets have a clear practical interpretation and their analysis can be a complementary tool in financial decision making.
However, the 10-vertex cubic graph with the most spanning trees is the Petersen graph, which is not a Möbius ladder.
Some examples of combinatorial optimization problems that fall into this framework are shortest paths and shortest path trees, flows and circulations, spanning trees, matching, and matroid problems.
Edge contraction is used in the recursive formula for the number of spanning trees of an arbitrary connected graph, and in the recurrence formula for the chromatic polynomial of a simple graph.
If an infinite graph G has a normal spanning tree, so does every connected graph minor of G. It follows from this that the graphs that have normal spanning trees have a characterization by forbidden minors.
An obvious application of Euclidean minimum spanning trees is to find the cheapest network of wires or pipes to connect a set of places, assuming the links cost a fixed amount per unit length.
It is possible to define dual graphs of graphs embedded on nonplanar surfaces such as the torus, but these duals do not generally have the correspondence between cuts,cycles, and spanning trees required by Whitney's criterion.
As a result the algorithm builds two spanning trees of the graph: the direct spanning tree, which has the root vertex as its tree root and is directed from the root, and the back spanning tree, directed to the root.
A maximum leaf spanning tree is a spanning tree that has the largest possible number of leaves among all spanning trees of G. The max leaf number of G is the number of leaves in the maximum leaf spanning tree. .
The realization problem for Euclidean minimum spanning trees is stated as follows: Given a tree T(V, E), find a location D(u) for each vertex u∈ V so that T is a minimum spanning tree of D(u): u∈ V, or determine that no such locations exist.
Seymour's decomposition theorem characterizes the regular matroids(the matroids representable by totally unimodular matrices)as the 3-sums of graphic matroids(the matroids representing spanning trees in a graph), cographic matroids, and a certain 10-element matroid.
When viewed in terms of approximation algorithms, connected domination andmaximum leaf spanning trees are not the same: approximating one to within a given approximation ratio is not the same as approximating the other to the same ratio.
Thus, there is an ample supply of articles on the properties of the different aggregationschemes used to date, as well as innovative proposals to adopt more sophisticated aggregator functions. See R. J. Hill,“Comparing price levels and living standards across the ESCAP countries using spanning trees and other aggregation methods” Beijing, 1997.
This is as fast as Prim's algorithm for an undirected minimum spanning tree.
The chosen edges are added to the minimum spanning tree, and the corresponding fragments are merged.
Minimum edges are added to the minimum spanning tree, and the corresponding fragments are combined.
The direct spanning tree is oriented from the root, which is the initial vertex of the graph.
The back spanning tree is oriented to the root.
In directed graphs, the maximum spanning tree solution cannot be used.