Examples of using Electroweak in English and their translations into Turkish
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When this happens, it breaks electroweak gauge symmetry.
First, in 1973,came the observation of neutral current interactions as predicted by electroweak theory.
In the electroweak theory, the W also carries electric charge, and hence interacts with a photon.
In 1961,Salam began to work with John Clive Ward on symmetries and electroweak unification.
Moreover, net force must include gravity, electroweak, and any other forces aside from electromagnetic force.
Salam provided a mathematical postulation for the interaction between the Higgs boson and the electroweak symmetry theory.
In the theory of the electroweak interaction, the carriers of the weak force are the massive gauge bosons called the W and Z bosons.
The introduction of chiral symmetry playedcrucial role in subsequent development of the theory of electroweak interactions.
Known as electroweak symmetry breaking, this was the moment when subatomic particles acquired mass- substance- for the first time.
The fact that the W andZ bosons have mass while photons are massless was a major obstacle in developing electroweak theory.
Beyond the Standard Model, some theorists work to unite the electroweak and strong interactions within a Grand Unified Theory GUT.
Numerous theoretical efforts have been made tosystematize the existing four fundamental interactions on the model of electroweak unification.
Protons carry quarks, but the electroweak theory was concerned only with the electrons and neutrinos, with nothing postulated about quarks.
In 1999, Gerardus't Hooft andMartinus Veltman were awarded the Nobel prize for showing that the electroweak theory is renormalizable.
Electroweak interaction would operate at such high temperatures as soon after the presumed Big Bang, but, as the early universe cooled, split into electromagnetic and weak interactions.
This idea later found application inthe quantum field theory of the weak force, and its unification with electromagnetism in the electroweak theory.
Electromagnetism and the weak force arenow understood to be two aspects of a unified electroweak interaction- this discovery was the first step toward the unified theory known as the Standard Model.
Following the publication of PRL Symmetry Breaking papers in 1964, Steven Weinberg andSalam were the first to apply the Higgs mechanism to electroweak symmetry breaking.
After the neutral weak currents caused by Z bosonexchange were discovered at CERN in 1973, the electroweak theory became widely accepted and Glashow, Salam, and Weinberg shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering it.
The electromagnetic interaction was modelled with the weak interaction, whose force carriers are W and Z bosons,traversing the minuscule distance, in electroweak theory EWT.
The theory had great phenomenological success andwas eventually understood to arise from the gauge theory of electroweak interactions, which forms a part of the standard model of particle physics.
This is an approximate symmetry: While up and down quarks are identical in how they interact under the strong force,they have different masses and different electroweak interactions.
In the Standard Model, the W± and Z0 bosons, and the photon,are produced by the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the electroweak symmetry from SU(2)× U(1)Y to U(1)em, caused by the Higgs mechanism see also Higgs boson.
Just as cubes of ice melt into water in the hot sun, experiments show that as we rewind to the extremely hot conditions ofthe Big Bang, the weak and electromagnetic forces meld together and unite into a single force called"the electroweak.
This is, again, an approximatesymmetry, violated by quark mass differences and electroweak interactions-in fact, it is a poorer approximation than isospin, because of the strange quark's noticeably higher mass.
Two cases in point are the unification of: Electric and magnetic force into electromagnetism;The electromagnetic interaction and the weak interaction into the electroweak interaction; see below.
In this case,the coupling constants of the strong and electroweak interactions meet at the grand unification energy, also known as the GUT scale: Λ GUT≈ 10 16 GeV{\displaystyle\Lambda_{\text{GUT}}\approx 10^{16}\,{\text{GeV.
In 1960, Salam and Weinberg incorporated the Higgs mechanism into Glashow's discovery,giving a it a modern form in electroweak theory, and thus theorised the Standard Model.
For instance, a wide class of particles known as the X andY bosons are predicted to mediate the coupling of the electroweak and strong forces, but these particles are extremely heavy and well beyond the capabilities of any reasonable particle accelerator to create.
So there's an old idea in particle physics that this known pattern of charges, which is not very symmetric, could emerge from a more perfect pattern that gets broken--similar to how the Higgs particle breaks the electroweak pattern to give electromagnetism.