Examples of using Laffer in English and their translations into Ukrainian
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Cheryl Laffer.
This curve is given by American economist Prof. Arthur Laffer.
Arthur Laffer.
The theory was developed by the American economist Arthur Laffer.
The Laffer Curve.
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The theory was developed by the American economist Arthur Laffer.
Arthur Laffer Founder.
A Laffer point of the first kind θ*, when dX/dθ= 0, is determined from the formula.
(See the Laffer curve.).
In other words, the previous tax rate(41.6%)put the government on the wrong side of the Laffer curve.
We will distinguish Laffer points of the first and second kind(a similar approach was used in[6]).
Third, in addition to other things, a retrospective assessment of Laffer points performs an indicative function.
Economist Arthur Laffer claimed to prove that you could raise government revenue by lowering taxes on the rich.
In the remaining years, the detected stationary points were points of local minima, and hence,they do not fall under the definition of Laffer points.
Until there's more proof, both Laffer and Zhu agree that incorporating chili peppers into daily cooking couldn't hurt.
Within the class of algebraic methods,two approaches to calculating the efficiency of the fiscal system by means of Laffer points are possible.
Not exactly, said Cheryl Laffer, M.D., Ph.D., of the Comprehensive Hypertension Center at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.
Such careless actions by the government in the tax sphere are reflected in clearly degenerate results for 1993-1994: the Laffer points assumed negative values.
It means that the actual tax burden is lower than the Laffer point of the second kind and, hence, from the standpoint of the state's financial interests, has a fairly normal value.
However, the aforementioned fiscal depression was immediately followed in 1995 by a dramatic improvement of the tax climate: for the first time,the actual tax burden was below both Laffer points.
This principle is characterized by the Laffer curve showing the dependence of the tax base on changes in tax rates, as well as the dependence of budget revenues on the tax burden.
However, even after this problem is solved, all stationary points should be classified into local minima andmaxima, after which Laffer points should be selected out of points of local maxima.
If Laffer points of the first and second kind for dependencies(14) and(15) exist, then, the production curve and its analogue in the form of the fiscal curve will appear as shown in the figure.
An important consideration insubsequent calculations is that all of the methods for estimating Laffer points described above work for macroindices calculated in both current and comparable prices.
However, it is higher than the Laffer point of the first kind, and this means that the existing tax pressure stimulates a decline in production, thereby conflicting with this country's long- term economic interests.
For example, the discovery of a situation in which the actualtax burden is shifted to the right beyond both Laffer points can signal the appearance of serious clashes between the interests of producers and the state.
Comparing the fiscal points θ, θ*, and θ** derived from calculations according to scenario 1, one may argue that almost throughout the transition period, the level of actual taxburden in Russia covered both Laffer points.
His ideas on taxesbore a striking resemblance to supply-side economics' Laffer curve, which posits that beyond a certain point higher taxes discourage production and actually cause revenues to fall.[16].
In my view, a practical criterion for determining whether ornot this requirement is met is the stability of Laffer points over a period of at least three to five years(fluctuations between their extreme values should not exceed 2- 3%).
The second(applied) line involves practical calculations of the values of Laffer points(points of inflections on the fiscal curve) for individual countries; this is in fact a special part of the theory of macroeconomic assessment.
