Examples of using Cmax in English and their translations into Vietnamese
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If applied rectally, Cmax is reached after four hours.
Cmax in plasma(from 472 to 1270 pg/ ml) is achieved after 1-13 days.
Its absolute bioavailability is 98% and its plasma Cmax occurs from 1.4 to 4.8 hours.
However, MPA Cmax was decreased by 40% in the presence of food.
The substance is absorbed quickly from the gut andreaches its maximum plasma concentration(Cmax) after about two hours.
The Cmax was reduced by 54% and the area under the curve by 74% in this study.[1][7].
The results of this study indicate that topiramate Cmax increased by 27% and AUC increased by 29% when HCTZ was added to topiramate.
The Cmax and AUCinf of dapoxetine(60 mg single dose) increased by 50% and 88%, respectively, in the presence of fluoxetine(60 mg/day for 7 days).
In patients with moderate hepatic impairment, unbound Cmax of dapoxetine is essentially unchanged(decrease of 3%) and unbound AUC is increased by 66%.
The Cmax and Tm(time needed to obtain the maximum plasma concentration) after single doses of dapoxetine 30 mg and 60 mg are 297 and 498 ng/mL at 1.01 and 1.27 hours respectively.
Rats dosed with JNJ-1661010(20 mg/kg i.p.) has a plasma Cmax of 26.9 μM at the Tmax of 0.75 h and a Cmax in the brain of 6.04 μM at the Tmax of 2 h.
For example, in normal subjects, co-administration of rabeprazole 20 mg QD resulted in an approximately 30% decrease in the bioavailability of ketoconazole andincreases in the AUC and Cmax for digoxin of 19% and 29%, respectively.
Tipiracil causes Cmax(highest blood plasma concentrations) of trifluridine to increase 22-fold, and its area under the curve 37-fold, by inhibiting thymidine phosphorylase.[1].
The absolute bioavailability is 42%(range 15- 76%),and dose proportional increases in exposure(AUC and Cmax) are observed between the 30 and 60 mg dose strengths.
Vardenafil AUC and Cmax in elderly patients(65 years or over) taking vardenafil orodispersible tablets were increased by 31 to 39% and 16 to 21%, respectively, in comparison to patients aged 45 years and below.
Food had no effect on the extent of exposure(AUC) of the levocetirizine tablet,but Tmax was delayed by about 1.25 hours and Cmax was decreased by about 36% after administration with a high fat meal;
Ketoconazole- Combined administration of Celexa(40 mg) and ketoconazole(200 mg)decreased the Cmax and AUC of ketoconazole by 21% and 10%, respectively, and did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of citalopram.
For example, in normal subjects, co-administration of rabeprazole 20 mg QD resulted in an approximately 30% decrease in the bioavailability of ketoconazole andincreases in the AUC and Cmax for digoxin of 19% and 29%, respectively.
Omeprazole, given in doses of 40 mg to healthy subjects in a cross-over study,increased Cmax and AUC for cilostazol by 18% and 26% respectively, and one of its active metabolites by 29% and 69% respectively.
While the CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole had no significant effect on exemestane levels in a clinical trial, the strong CYP3A4 inductor rifampicin significantly cut exemenstane levels about in half(AUC-54%, Cmax- 41% for a single dose).
Although food decreases the rate and extent of drug absorption by approximately 25% and 9%, respectively,as assessed by the Cmax and area under curve(AUC), LDL-C reduction is similar whether atorvastatin is given with or without food.
With simultaneous use of Merten with some substances/ drugs, undesirable effects may occur(AUC is the total concentration of the drug in plasma; MHO is the international normalized ratio- the ratio of prothrombintime to standard average prothrombin time; Cmax is the maximum concentration of drug in the blood; T1/ 2- half-life).
An interaction study with gemfibrozil, an in vitro inhibitor of OAT3 and OATP1B1/1B3 transporters,showed that empagliflozin Cmax increased by 15% and AUC increased by 59% following co- administration.
In volunteers with hepatic cirrhosis(Child-Pugh A and B), sildenafil clearance was reduced,resulting in increases in AUC(84%) and Cmax(47%) compared to age-matched volunteers with no hepatic impairment.
In healthy subjects co-administration of ruxolitinib(10 mg single dose) with erythromycin 500 mgtwice daily for four days resulted in ruxolitinib Cmax and AUC that were higher by 8% and 27%, respectively, than with ruxolitinib alone.
Analyses of a single dose clinical pharmacology study using 60 mg dapoxetineshowed no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters(Cmax, AUCinf, Tmax) between healthy elderly males and healthy young adult males.
In subjects with mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment according to the Child-Pugh classification, AUC of empagliflozin increased approximately by 23%, 47%,and 75% and Cmax by approximately 4%, 23%, and 48%, respectively, compared to subjects with normal hepatic function.
The post-infusion decline of zoledronic acid concentrations in plasma was consistent with a triphasic process showing a rapid decrease from peak concentrations at end-of-infusionto less than 1% of Cmax 24 hours post infusion with population half-lives of t1/2α 0.24 hour and t1/2β 1.87 hours for the early disposition phases of the drug.
In a single dose clinical pharmacology study using 60 mg dapoxetine, plasma concentrations in poor metabolizers of CYP2D6 were higher than in extensive metabolizers of CYP2D6(approximately 31% higher for Cmax and 36% higher for AUCinf of dapoxetine and 98% higher for Cmax and 161% higher for AUCinf of desmethyldapoxetine).