Examples of using Non-probability samples in English and their translations into Vietnamese
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Not all non-probability samples are the same.
Bit By Bit- Asking questions- 3.4.2 Non-probability samples: weighting.
Non-probability samples need not automatically lead to something like the Literary Digest fiasco.
Bit By Bit- Asking questions- 3.4.3 Non-probability samples: sample matching.
With non-probability samples, weights can undo distortions caused by the assumed sampling process.
Looking forward, I expect that estimates from well-done non-probability samples will become cheaper and better.
When the cost or time involved in the probability sampling is too high,marketing researchers will take non-probability samples.
Probability samples and non-probability samples are not that different in practice;
Although“Dewey Defeats Truman” happened in 1948,it is still among the reason that some researchers are skeptical about estimates from non-probability samples.
However, the second lesson is that non-probability samples, when weighted properly, can actually produce quite good estimates.
First, as probability samples have become increasingly difficult to do in practice,the line between probability samples and non-probability samples is blurring.
Again, this is another example of the dangers of raw, unadjusted non-probability samples and is reminiscent of the Literary Digest fiasco.
On the other hand, weighting non-probability samples will only produce unbiased estimates for all traits if the response propensities are the same for everyone in each group.
Again, this is another example of the dangers of raw, unadjusted non-probability samples and is reminiscent of the Literary Digest fiasco.
As I said earlier, non-probability samples are viewed with great skepticism by many social researchers, in part because of their role in some of the most embarrassing failures in the early days of survey research.
In conclusion,social scientists and statisticians are incredibly skeptical of inferences from these non-probability samples, in part because they are associated with some embarrassing failures of survey research such as the Literary Digest poll.
As I said earlier, non-probability samples are viewed with great skepticism by social scientists, in part because of their role in some of the most embarrassing failures in the early days of survey research.
These techniques using auxiliary information are particularly important because, as I will show later, auxiliary information is critical formaking estimates from probability samples with nonresponse and from non-probability samples.
This headline was based in part on estimates from non-probability samples(Mosteller 1949; Bean 1950; Freedman, Pisani, and Purves 2007).
Both non-probability samples and probability samples vary in their quality, and currently it is likely the case that most estimates from probability samples are more trustworthy than estimates from non-probability samples.
One thing that is clear, however,is if you are forced to work with non-probability samples, then there is strong reason to believe that adjusted estimates will be better than non-adjusted estimates.
It is worth learning a bit more about their approach because it builds intuition about post-stratification, and the particular version Wang andcolleagues used is one of the most exciting approaches to weighting non-probability samples.
This framework enables us to understand new approaches to representation-in particular, non-probability samples(section 3.4)- and new approaches to measurement- in particular, new ways of asking questions to respondents(section 3.5).
For a meta-analysis on the effect of weighting to reduce bias in non-probability samples, see Table 2.4 in Tourangeau, Conrad, and Couper(2013), which leads the authors to conclude“adjustments seem to be useful but fallible corrections…”.
This framework enables us to understand new approaches to representation-in particular, non-probability samples(section 3.4)- and new approaches to measurement- in particular, new ways of asking questions to respondents(section 3.5).
Sometimes researchers have found that probability samples and non-probability samples yield estimates of similar quality(Ansolabehere and Schaffner 2014),but other comparisons have found that non-probability samples do worse(Malhotra and Krosnick 2007; Yeager et al. 2011).
Sometimes, researchers have found that probability samples and non-probability samples yield estimates of similar quality(Ansolabehere and Schaffner 2014), but other comparisons have found that non-probability samples do worse(Malhotra and Krosnick 2007; Yeager et al. 2011).
In addition to post-stratification, other techniques for working with non-probability samples- and probability samples with coverage errors and nonresponse- include sample matching(Ansolabehere and Rivers 2013;???), propensity score weighting(Lee 2006; Schonlau et al. 2009), and calibration(Lee and Valliant 2009).
Researchers face a difficult choice between probability sampling methods in practice- which are increasingly expensive andfar from the theoretical results that justify their use- and non-probability sampling methods- which are cheaper and faster, but less familiar and more varied.