In March 2004, a South Korean group reported the first derivation of a human ES cell line(SCNT-hES-1)using the technique of somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT).
In a recent interview, however,Gurdon explained that there is still much to be learned from nuclear transfer, as it remains the most efficient way to reprogram a nucleus.
The meeting consisted of seven sessions over the course of three days, and featured talks on topics including the in vitro growth, maturation,fertilization and differentiation of mammalian oocytes and nuclear transfer technologies and applications.
Attendees from outside the region, including France, Australia and Hungary, also participated in the discussion of recent advances in such areas as assisted reproduction,fertility, nuclear transfer and early embryogenesis.
They can be used as host embryos for chimeric mouse production that usesES cells derived from pigmented mice, for nuclear transplantation, for investigating the conditions required for freezing and thawing work, and for practicing embryo manipulation.
For example, in the"somatic cell nuclear transfer" technique, 5 the nucleus of a mature specialized cell(e.g., a skin cell) is made"unspecialized" by new techniques which restore the instructive potential of the full complement of chromosomes in the nucleus.
By using mRNA instead of DNA to express the synthetic enzyme(zinc finger nuclease), which is a completely new type of tool for gene editing,in with combination the somatic cell nuclear transfer technology, the research group has succeeded to produce immunodeficient pigs within a short period of time.
体細胞核移植クローン技術の開発2。
Development of mouse somatic cell nuclear transfer techniques 2.
I was engaged in a research on application of somatic cell nuclear transfer technology used for the world's first cloned sheep"Dolly" to chicken when I was a postgraduate student, when I entered into basic medical research.
Nuclear transfer is also raising ethical issues as a baby inherits genetic information from the woman who provides the egg in addition to that of his or her own parents.
Following nuclear transfer, the donor genome undergoes genome-wide reprogramming to acquire totipotency: the genomic state equivalent to that of fertilized oocytes.
Techniques such as cell reprogramming by nuclear transfer methods and ES cell culturing, which were developed in the 20th century, have blossomed into induced pluripotent stem(iPS) cell technologies in the 21st century.
Prof Adam Balen, chairman of the British Fertility Society,said:"Pronuclear transfer is highly experimental and has not been properly evaluated or scientifically proven.
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