Примери коришћења Transition state на Енглеском и њихови преводи на Српски
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The MalFGK2-E structure resembles the catalytic transition state for ATP hydrolysis.
It is the first transition state to enter EMBL and the second in Southeast Europe after Greece.
Bridging the stem-cell gap:Stanford researchers identify unique transition state.
Enzyme inhibitors are often designed to mimic the transition state or intermediate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction.
Transition state analogs can be used as inhibitors in enzyme-catalyzed reactions by blocking the active site of the enzyme.
In addition, the sulfonamide functional group can also mimic that transition state structure.
A dimensionless reaction coordinate that quantifies the lateness of a transition state can be used to test the validity of the Hammond-Leffler Postulate for a particular reaction.
A second is that most chemical reactions occur as a sequence of elementary reactions,each with its own transition state.
Enzyme inhibitors are often designed to mimic the transition state or intermediate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
The water molecule is then activated by both the zinc ion and the Glu143 residue andattacks the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral transition state(see figure).
It also describes each reactive intermediate,activated complex, and transition state, and which bonds are broken(and in what order), and which bonds are formed(and in what order).
By providing an alternative reaction route the enzyme reduces the energy required to reach the highest energy transition state of the reaction.
An example of such a transition state inhibitor is the antiviral drug oseltamivir; this drug mimics the planar nature of the ring oxonium ion in the reaction of the viral enzyme neuraminidase.
After binding takes place, one ormore mechanisms of catalysis lower the energy of the reaction's transition state by providing an alternative chemical pathway for the reaction.
There are two different mechanisms of substrate binding: uniform binding, which has strong substrate binding, and differential binding,which has strong transition state binding.
The Hammond-Leffler Postulate states that the structure of the transition state more closely resembles either the products or the starting material, depending on which is higher in enthalpy.
The preference for reaction at tertiary andsecondary positions results from greater stability of the corresponding free radicals and the transition state leading to them.
Leaving group ability represents the difference in energy between starting materials and a transition state(ΔG‡), and differences in leaving group ability are reflected in changes in this quantity(ΔΔG‡).
Transition state analogs mimic this high energy intermediate but do not undergo a catalyzed chemical reaction and can therefore bind much stronger to an enzyme than simple substrate or product analogs.
Often along the reaction coordinate reactive intermediates are present not much lower in energy from a transition state making it difficult to distinguish between the two.
Based on the finding of different transition state structures, Schramm and coworkers designed two transition state analogues mimicking the early andlate dissociative transition state.
For example, if a person laid out a card of the current state, and with it a perfect card,you can offer him to find a card and a transition state that will allow to achieve the desired.
To design a transition state analogue, the pivotal step is the determination of transition state structure of substrate on the specific enzyme of interest with experimental method, for example, kinetic isotope effect.
As Henry Wadsworth Longfellow noted a little over a decade before Christmas became a national holiday in the United States,“We are in a transition state about Christmas here in New England.
Through the kinetic isotope effect much insight can be gained as to what the transition state looks like ofan enzyme-catalyzed reaction and guide the development of transition state analogs.
The transition state of a structure can best be described in regards to statistical mechanics where the energies of bonds breaking andforming have an equal probability of moving from the transition state backwards to the reactants or forward to the products.
Differential binding is carried out by the induced fit mechanism- the substrate first binds weakly,then the enzyme changes conformation increasing the affinity to the transition state and stabilizing it, so reducing the activation energy to reach it.
The following three examples illustrate how the inhibitors mimic the transition state structure by changing functional groups correspond to the geometry and electrostatic distribution of the transition state structures.
The term unstable molecule is used for very reactive species, i.e., short-lived assemblies(resonances) of electrons and nuclei, such as radicals, molecular ions,Rydberg molecules, transition states, van der Waals complexes, or systems of colliding atoms as in Bose-Einstein condensate.
A key idea in chemical kinetics is that for reactants to react and form products,most chemical species must go through transition states which are higher in energy than either the reactants or the products and serve as a barrier to reaction.