英語 での Compulsory voting の使用例とその 日本語 への翻訳
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Convert to compulsory voting.
Compulsory voting and government spending in Austria.
THW introduce compulsory voting.
Compulsory voting may also infringe on other basic rights.
We have got a compulsory voting system.
In some countries they have a system of compulsory voting.
We do have compulsory voting in Australia.
Countries that enforce compulsory voting.
Further, compulsory voting may infringe other rights.
Should we introduce compulsory voting?
Compulsory voting is also used in Australia and Bolivia.
In Australia we have compulsory voting.
Since compulsory voting was introduced in Australia, voter turnout has never fallen below 90%.
Hill argues that the introduction of compulsory voting removes this dilemma.
Since compulsory voting was introduced in Australia, voter turnout has never fallen below 90%.
Using disaggregated data on state spending in 1980-2012,we analyse the impact of compulsory voting laws on state-level spending.
How could it be that compulsory voting had sizable impacts on turnout without affecting policy outcomes?
The act of voting is voluntary in some countries; whereas some countries, such as Argentina, Australia, Belgium and Brazil,have compulsory voting systems.
Since the introduction of compulsory voting in 1924, the turnout at Australian elections has never fallen below 90 per cent.
Consistent with the former explanation,we find that for both parliamentary and state elections, compulsory voting has no impact on the vote shares of right or left-wing parties.
Using evidence from Austria, it finds that compulsory voting does not significantly affect government spending, but that the case may be different for countries with historically low turnout.
A few studies in countries as diverse as Switzerland, Brazil, and Australia have shown that even with small fines for non-voting or low enforcement of penalties,electoral participation is significantly higher under compulsory voting(Funk 2007, De Leon and Rizzi 2014, Fowler 2013.).
To start answering this question, we examine if compulsory voting caused changes to the results of national parliament and state elections.
Another argument against compulsory voting, prevalent among legal scholars in the United States, is that it is essentially a compelled speech act, which violates freedom of speech because the freedom to speak necessarily includes the freedom not to speak.
In our paper, we show that this does not seem to be the case,i.e. compulsory voting in the past or in the future is not significantly related to current turnout.
Australian academic and supporter of compulsory voting, Lisa Hill, has argued that a prisoner's dilemma situation arises under voluntary systems for marginalised citizens: it seems rational for them to abstain from voting, under the assumption that others in their situation are also doing so, in order to conserve their limited resources.
We show that this zero-effect persists if we disaggregate further the spending categories, that they do not seem tobe driven by trends predating changes in compulsory voting laws, and are there even if we consider the one change in compulsory voting laws that were not led by state governments(the 1992 federal removal of compulsory voting).
Even President Barack Obama,in March 2015 proposed the possibility of compulsory voting in the US, arguing:“It would be transformative if everybody voted, that would counteract money more than anything.