Nevertheless, the underlying trend in inflation has steadily improved, excluding the effects of the decline in energy prices.
もっとも、エネルギー価格の影響を除いてみると、物価の基調は着実に改善しています。
Nevertheless, when excluding the effects of energy prices, price developments in Japan have been relatively weak.
もっとも、エネルギー価格の影響を除くと、わが国の物価は弱めの動きとなっています。
NRI surveyed the results by measuring performance in terms of corporatevalue relative aggregate market value, excluding the effects of the stock market.
NRIは、その成果を企業価値(株式市場の相場の影響を除く相対時価総額)で測って調査しました。
For goods, global trade volume in real terms after excluding the effects of price fluctuations is expected to rise from an index level of 100 in 1995 to 253 by 2011.
The year-on-year rate of change in the CPI for all items less fresh food, which was minus 0.5 percent just before the introduction of QQE,increased to as high as 1.5 percent in April 2014, excluding the effects of the consumption tax hike.
However, excluding the effects of energy prices,the rate of change in the CPI has remained slightly positive, continuing to show relatively weak developments.
The year-on-year rate ofchange in real income of employees as a whole, excluding the effects of the consumption tax hike, has also been positive for nine consecutive months since March 2014 Chart 13.
On a year-on-year basis, the CPI excluding fresh food continues to decline, although the pace of decline has been slowing since it peaked in August last year at minus 2.4 percent. In April 2010,it was minus 1.0 percent excluding the effects of subsidies for high school tuition fees.
However, as it has continued to show relatively weak developments excluding the effects of a rise in energy prices, it is necessary to pursue the current powerful monetary easing with persistence.
The year-on-year rate of change in the consumer price index(CPI, all items less fresh food), which had been minus 0.5 percent before the introduction of QQE,improved to as high as 1.5 percent in April 2014, excluding the effects of the consumption tax hike Chart 4.
Under such circumstances, a positive inflation rate, excluding the effects of energy prices, has taken hold, and thus Japan's economy is no longer in deflation, in the sense of a sustained decline in prices.
The year-on-year rate of change in the consumer price index(CPI, all items less fresh food), which had been minus 0.5 percent just before the introduction of QQE,increased to as high as 1.5 percent in April 2014, excluding the effects of the consumption tax hike Chart 4.
After entering fiscal 2014, increases in the CPI excluding the effects of the consumption tax hike,the CPI for all items less fresh food, the CPI for all items less fresh food and energy, and also the BEI rates became stagnant.
The year-on-year rate of change in the consumer price index(CPI, all items less fresh food), which had been minus 0.5 percent just before the introduction of QQE,increased to as high as 1.5 percent in April 2014, excluding the effects of the consumption tax hike Chart 4.
The real economic growth rate excluding the effects of price movements, after registering relatively high growth of 3.0 percent on an annualized basis in the April-June quarter of this year, marked negative growth of minus 1.2 percent in the July-September quarter.
If that turns out to be the case, and if the rate of nominal wage increasesconsequently falls below the rate of increase in the CPI excluding the effects of the consumption tax hike, consumers might increasingly expect that decreases in real wages will be protracted.
The GDP deflator then flattened, and when excluding the effects of the consumption tax hikes in 1997 and 2014, it declined almost consistently from 1995 Chart 1 excludes the effects of the consumption tax; for the method of adjustment, see the Note to this chart.
Fortunately, people's short-term inflation expectations appear to be rising on the whole from a somewhat longer-term perspective,in part because the year-on-year rate of increase in the core CPI, excluding the effects of the consumption tax hike, has continued to be stable at around 11⁄4 percent.
Moreover, an examination of changes in real values, excluding the effects of price fluctuations Chart 1-2-1(D), shows that the countries with higher annual average growth rates in the second half of the 2000s than the first half are Germany and China.
The pace of fiscal austerity is shown by the annual changes in the following ratios: the fiscal balance-to-GDP ratio; the primary balance-to-GDP ratio; and the ratio of structural balance--calculated by excluding the effects of economic fluctuations from the actual fiscal balance-- to GDP.
The year-on-year rate of change in the consumer price index(CPI)for all items less fresh food and that for all items excluding the effects of energy prices are both at around 0.5 percent, together suggesting that the CPI has continued to show relatively weak developments compared to the economic expansion and tight labor market conditions.
According to the April 2018 Outlook Report, the medians of the Policy Board members' forecasts of the year-on-year rate of change in the CPI for all items less fresh food were 1.3 percent for fiscal 2018 and 1.8 percent for fiscal 2019 and2020, excluding the effects of the consumption tax hike.
On the price front, the year-on-year rate of change in the consumer price index(CPI, all items less fresh food)has continued to show relatively weak developments when excluding the effects of energy prices compared to the economic expansion and the labor market tightening, mainly against the background that firms' wage- and price-setting stance has remained cautious.
Prices Let me now explain price developments. Although the year-on-year rate of change in the consumer price index(CPI) for all items less fresh food is at around 1.0 percent, it has continued to show relatively weak developments compared to the economic expansion and labor market tightening,remaining at around 0.5 percent excluding the effects of energy prices.
Looking at the medians of the Policy Board members' forecasts in the April 2018 Outlook Report, the year-on-year rate of change in the CPI(all items less fresh food) is projected to be 1.3 percent for fiscal 2018 and--on a basis excluding the effects of the scheduled consumption tax hike-- 1.8 percent each for fiscal 2019 and 2020.
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