Ví dụ về việc sử dụng Hydronium ion trong Tiếng anh và bản dịch của chúng sang Tiếng việt
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The simplest oxonium ion is the hydronium ion H3O+.
Hydronium ions are acids according to all three definitions.
The reaction is best thought of as forming hydronium ions.
The hydronium ion is very acidic: at 25 °C, its pKa is 0.
This reaction is best thought of as the formation of hydronium ions.
In an acid, the concentration of hydronium ions is greater than 10- 7 moles per liter.
Water normally contains an equal amount of hydroxide ions(OH-) and hydronium ions(H30+).
Hydronium ion: H3O+ Zundel cation: H5O2+(named for Georg Zundel) Eigen cation: H9O4+(or H3O+•3H2O)(named for Manfred Eigen).
Both actions will lower the concentration of hydronium ions, and thus raise pH.
The hydronium ion is very acidic: at 25 °C, its pKa is 0.[3] It is the most acidic species that can exist in water(assuming sufficient water for dissolution): any stronger acid will ionize and protonate a water molecule to form hydronium. .
For example, a protonated hydroxyl group is an oxonium ion, but not a hydronium ion.
Researchers have yet to fully characterize the solvation of hydronium ion in water, in part because many different meanings of solvation exist.
Potential of the pH electrode depends on thelogarithm of the concentration(or more precisely activity) of hydronium ions.
In pure water, there is an equal number of hydroxide and hydronium ions, so it is a neutral solution.
In the first step of the mechanism, the exposed electrons of the C=Cdouble bond of the enol are donated to a hydronium ion(H3O+).
In organic syntheses, such as acid catalyzed reactions, the hydronium ion( H3O+) can be used interchangeably with the H+ ion; choosing one over the other has no significant effect on the mechanism of reaction.
An acidic solute is generally the source of the hydrons, but hydronium ions exist even in pure water.
In chemistry, an oxonium ion is any oxygen cation with three bonds.[1]The simplest oxonium ion is the hydronium ion H3O+.[2].
Processes rendering water potable butnot necessarily closer to being pure H2O/ hydroxide+ hydronium ions include use of dilute sodium hypochlorite, mixed-oxidants(electro-catalyzed H2O+ NaCl), and iodine;
For convenience however, we refer to the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution,[H+],even though we really mean the concentration of hydronium ions,[H 3 O+].
After[18F]FDG decays radioactively, however, its 2-fluorine is converted to 18O-,and after picking up a proton H+ from a hydronium ion in its aqueous environment, the molecule becomes glucose-6-phosphate labeled with harmless nonradioactive"heavy oxygen" in the hydroxyl at the C-2 position.
Thus, an Arrhenius acid can alsobe described as a substance that increases the concentration of hydronium ions when added to water.
When ionized hydrogen is written as"H+" as in the solvation ofclassical acids such as hydrochloric acid, the hydronium ion, H3O+, is meant, not a literal ionized single hydrogen atom.
As with the acetic acid reactions, both definitions work for the first example,where water is the solvent and hydronium ion is formed by the HCl solute.
A freezing-point depression study determined that the mean hydration ion in cold water is approximately H 3O+(H 2O) 6:[5]on average, each hydronium ion is solvated by 6 water molecules which are unable to solvate other solute molecules.
Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity(alkalinity) of a soil. pH is defined as the negative logarithm(base 10)of the activity of hydronium ions(H+ or, more precisely, H 3O+ aq) in a solution.
Where HA is a generic acid that dissociates into A-, known as the conjugate base of the acid anda hydrogen ion which combines with a water molecule to make a hydronium ion. In the example shown in the figure, HA represents acetic acid, and A- represents the acetate ion, the conjugate base.
It consists of hydrogen chloride and water, and a variety of other chemical species,including hydronium and chloride ions.