Exemplos de uso de Passive exposure em Inglês e suas traduções para o Português
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Medicine
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Ecclesiastic
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Official/political
Passive exposure to tobacco smoke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality.
The health risks posed by smoking derive from both direct tobacco use and passive exposure to tobacco smoke.
Passive exposure to tobacco was expressed in years of living in a home with smokers.
Weaknesses of our study could be the lack of the measurement of the cotinine levels to assess the degree of passive exposure.
Passive exposure to nitric oxide in humans during pregnancy and lactation should be avoided.
There was no significant difference in the type of cigarette associated with passive exposure and duration of passive smoking Table 2.
Active and passive exposure to tobacco smoke is one of the main morbidity and mortality cause.
Neither active EC use for a few minutes in smokers nor passive exposure to EC aerosol for 1 h in nonsmokers had any effect on FEV1.
Passive exposure to tobacco smoke is common, and its damaging effects on health have been well-known for decades.
It is worthwhile mentioning that this study did not control for the number of either hours per day or years of passive exposure, a fact which may partly explain our results.
The health effects of passive exposure to tobacco smoke have been the subject of numerous investigations.
The concentrations obtained from such analyses can often be helpful in distinguishing active use from passive exposure, elapsed time since use, and extent or duration of use.
Chewing tobacco and passive exposure to tobacco smoke components have been recognized as risk factors.
The aim of the present study was to analyze the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children andadolescents in this community, according to the passive exposure to smoking by the parents.
Both active and passive exposure to cannabis allergens may lead to a cannabis allergy.
The main arguments used by the EC industry are the health benefits of ECs in comparison with conventional cigarettes, smoking reduction, smoking cessation,minimal passive exposure, and the possibility of using ECs in places where smoking is prohibited.
Passive exposure defined as involuntary inhalation of smoke by a non-smoker because of living or working with a smoker.
Therefore policies are needed to reduce the risks of passive exposure, such as encouragement to smoking cessation programs, which can cease the exposure to cigarette smoke.
Passive exposure to tobacco smoke should also be considered, since studies have showed a small but consistent effect in birth weight reduction and the occurrence of preterm delivery.
The cough that smokers usually present is a bacillus spreading factor,as there exist studies associating passive exposure to cigarettes with the occurrence of active pulmonary tuberculosis in infected contact children.
The harmful effects of passive exposure of children to cigarette smoke and correlates can be felt in utero, extending throughout childhood.
The percentage of nonsmoking students who avoided passive smoking 76.3% can be considered low, since involuntary smoking is increasingly recognized as a cause of disease in nonsmokers. Among the former smokers,only 36.4% reported avoiding passive exposure, showing that, even after smoking cessation, these students remain subject to the hazardous effects of smoking, albeit passively.
In addition, investors can gain passive exposure to the commodity markets through a commodity price index.
Passive exposure to cigarette smoke is being associated with increased postoperative mortality due to the respiratory complications, prolonged postoperative follow-up period and prolonged anesthetic requirements.
When EXUBERA was administered to healthy volunteers following 2-hours of passive exposure to cigarette smoke in a controlled experimental setting, insulin AUC and Cmax were reduced by approximately 17 and 30%, respectively see section 4.5.
Passive exposure to tobacco smoke was reported by 39.5% of the parents/legal guardians of these patients, with exposure occurring during pregnancy in 15.4% of the cases and the smoker being the mother in 18.7% Table 1.
Exclusive breastfeeding for at least6 months was reported in 62.6% of the cases; however, passive exposure to tobacco smoke and maternal smoking during pregnancy were reported in 36.4% and 17.5% of the cases, respectively Table 1.
Omini et al. add that passive exposure to cigarette smoke produces a significant increase in the number of macrophages and eosinophils in the BAL fluid, which further corroborates the tracheal hyperreactivity, but no mucus hypersecretion.
Another research found an increase in blood pressure of 8 to 66 mmHg among smokers. Passive exposure to tobacco was related to decreased plasma levels, HDL cholesterol, associated to a significant dose-dependant endothelial disorder.
Smoking, passive exposure to cigarette smoke, atmospheric pollution, diet and occupational exposure asbestos, radon, arsenic, chromium, nickel, polycyclic hydrocarbons, silica are examples of significant risk factors for pulmonary carcinogenesis.