What is the translation of " CAUSAL EFFECT " in Chinese?

• 的因果效应
• 因果关系

Examples of using Causal effect in English and their translations into Chinese

The causal effects of an industrial policy.
一项产业政策的因果效应.

Causal mechanism or causal effect?
蝴蝶效应或因果循环？?

This causal effect has grown greatly due to two mutually reinforcing processes since 2007:?
年以来，由于两种因素的叠加效应，这样的因果效应大大增加了：?

The model looks at both descriptive and causal effects.
该模型考虑了描述性和因果效应。

The“APEC blue” endeavor: Causal effects of air pollution regulation on air quality in China.
APEC蓝”的尝试:空气污染管制对中国空气质量的因果影响》.

We can, therefore, be sure that any differences reflect the causal effect of computers alone.
因此,我们可以肯定,任何差异都反映了计算机本身的因果效应。

A follow-up study showed a causal effect: Personality-matched spending increased positive affect.
一项后续研究显示了因果关系：人格匹配的支出增加了积极影响。

And on another level, there's the question of whether the Globes have a causal effect on the overall race.
而在另一个层面上，还有的不管地球仪对整体比赛的因果效应的问题。

This is how we capture the causal effect(the average treatment effect on the treated).
我们的目标是推断ATT(AverageTreatmentEffectontheTreated)。

Usually, if a number of observational studies show similar results, our confidence of a causal effect increases.
通常情况下，在许多观测研究得出结果后，我们对于有因果关系影响的自信心会增加。

But there's a causal effect too: dogs make you go outside, be active and meet people, all of which make you happier.
但这也存在因果效应：狗狗会促使你外出、变得活跃并与他人会面，所有这些都会让你更幸福。

Together, these four ingredients allow scientists to move beyond correlations and measure the causal effect of treatments.
这四种成分共同使科学家能够超越相关性并测量治疗的因果效应。

It is this variation that we use to estimate causal effects of the length of schooling on cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes.
正是这种差异，我们用来估计学习时间长短对认知和非认知结果的因果影响。

Many empirical questions in economics and other social sciences depend on causal effects of programs or policies.
经济学和其他社会科学中的许多实证问题都依赖于程序、政策或其他事件的因果效应。

This simulates the causal effects implied by text and focuses not only on“what is said” but also on“what is not said but implied”.
这模拟了文本所暗示的因果效应，不仅侧重于「文本说了什么」，还侧重于「文本没有说什么，但暗示了什么」。

Together, these four ingredients allow scientists to move beyond correlations and measure the causal effect of treatments.
总之，这四种成分使科学家能够超越相关性和衡量治疗的因果关系。

The study therefore identifies a statistically significant causal effect of war on poverty and consumption even several years after the ceasefire.
因此，研究工作令人信服地确认了战争与贫穷和消费的因果关系，即使是在停火若干年后。

They compared evidence from five different statistical approaches to establish how strong the evidence for causal effect is.
她说：“我们比较了五种不同统计方法的证据，以确定因果效应的证据实际上有多强。

We claim that this causal effect is driven by the displacement determined by globalisation in the absence of effective compensation of its losers.
我们主张，驱动这种因果关系的是在缺乏对全球化的输家进行有效补偿的情况下，全球化所造成的取代效应。

As a follow-up, we tested whether perceptions of moral dissimilarity and similarity have a causal effect on social interactions.
作为后续行动，我们测试了道德差异性和相似性的认知是否对社会互动具有因果效应。

A causal graph encodes which variables have a direct causal effect on any given node- we call these causal parents of the node.
因果图对哪些变量对任何给定节点具有直接因果影响进行了编码--我们将这些变量称为节点的因果父项。

Recent studies(Bloom et al. 2008) indicate that demographic urbanization level has no causal effect on economic growth.
最近的研究（布卢姆等人，2008年）表明人口城市化水平已没有因果对经济增长的影响。

Deaton(2010) and Heckman and Urzúa(2010) argue that focusing on natural experiments can lead researchers to focus on estimating unimportant causal effects;
Deaton(2010)和HeckmanandUrzúa(2010)认为，关注自然实验可以使研究人员专注于估计不重要的因果效应;

The effect of military service on compliers is sometimes called the complier average causal effect(CAcE) and sometimes the local average treatment effect(LATE).
兵役对编纂者的影响有时被称为编制者平均因果效应（CAcE），有时也称为局部平均治疗效果（LATE）。

We compared evidence to five different statistical approaches to establish how strong the evidence for causal effect actually is," she said.
她说：“我们比较了五种不同统计方法的证据，以确定因果效应的证据实际上有多强。

Davis et al.(2009), for example, use the weather-driven variations in 19th century cotton crops to infer a causal effect on non-agricultural business cycles;
例如，Davis等（2009）使用19世纪天气引起的棉花产量的变动来推断对非农业经济周期的因果效应；.

The team compared the effectiveness of nudge-type strategies with more standard policy interventions, calculating the ratio between an intervention's causal effect and its implementation cost.
该小组将微推策略的有效性与更标准的政策干预进行比较，计算干预的因果效应与实施成本之间的比率。