Examples of using Codons in English and their translations into German
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Medicine
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Colloquial
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Official
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Ecclesiastic
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Financial
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Ecclesiastic
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Political
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Computer
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Programming
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Official/political
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Political
Note that this diagram uses the sense DNA codons 5' to 3.
Therefore, the probability for 7 million codons to mutate randomly with beneficial mutations is.
The genetic code consists of 64 triplets of nucleotides called codons.
For example, generation of premature start codons by mutations in 5'-UTR have been shown to create melanoma.
W1- The Nobel Prize website has a table to translate the codons into amino acids.
Moreover, it without any reason considered, that such strange codons are rarely found in the genome of Biochemistry, and that is why they are not dangerous.
The result of the scrapy test show the genetic variation at codons 136, 154 and 171.
Thanks to FA there is a short delay between pairing codons with antikodonom and elongation of the peptide, that allows you to separate itself from tRNA the Ribosome.
And what is the function of the second, not sinonimičeskoj,the remaining unclear half codons, number 32?
Well-known coding regions that do not have AUG initiation codons are those of"lacI"(GUG) and"lacA"(UUG) in the"E. coli" lac operon.
Then, in 1978 year,the specified publication name and did not dare to Lagerkvist understand not unambiguous codons as«dangerous» homonyms.
Mutations of the KRAS gene at certain hot-spots(mainly codons 12 and 13) result in constitutive activation of the KRAS protein independently of EGFR signalling.
Since total 64 codona, and amino acids 20,the result is a glut of codons, and encoding of doublet.
Codons 82(less than 1% of patients had the mutation V82L) and 90, 18% had mutations at codons 84 and 90 and 53% had at least one key mutation at codon 90.
Nirenberg and Khorana used RNA sequences to crack thecode; in contrast, this activity uses DNA sequences sense codons, 5' to 3.
Known, the correct recognition of tRNA molecules termination codons depends on their context environment, in particular, availability for stop codon uridine and, In addition, in the work of the[3] clearly shows.
So if you have 50 amino acids that make up insulin,that means you're going to have to have 50 codons, which means you have to have 150 bases or 150 of these.
It carries complimentary genetic code copied, from DNA during transcription,in the form of triplets of nucleotides called codons.
In addition to the erroneous broadcast significant codons and stop codons as amino acid, in the process of protein synthesis can occur many normal and rarely mistaken shifts and overlapping framework broadcast.
A number of documents published before the priority date disclose the recombinant expression in E. coli ofproteins encoded by genes containing rare codons.
And, accordingly,, before the Ribosome, reading the same(homonymous) sometimes Doublets codons, raises the task of choosing from two different amino acids, portable tRNA, a single"correct" amino acids and/or stop signal.
It was experimentally shown, the choice of amino acids by the Ribosome in the homonymous andother situations depends not only on the doublet of codons, but the context of mRNA.
So the code that Mike Montague andthe team developed actually puts frequent stop codons, so it's a different alphabet but allows us to use the entire English alphabet with punctuation and numbers.
Scream about the"swing" of the third nucleotide in kodonah, that means no participation in coding protein 3′-5′ codon-antikodonovoj couples, and that encodes not three of a kind, a doublet,the first two nucleotide codons.
Of note, patients in the RESIST studies had a specific mutational pattern at baseline of at least one primary protease gene mutation among codons 30N, 46I, 46L, 48V, 50V, 82A, 82F, 82L, 82T, 84V or 90M, and no more than two mutations on codons 33, 82, 84 or 90.
At least one primary protease gene mutation from among 30N, 46I, 46L, 48V, 50V, 82A, 82F, 82L, 82T, 84V or 90M had to be present at baseline,with not more than two mutations on codons 33, 82, 84 or 90.
Patient tumour samples with wild-type KRAS exon 2(codons 12/13) status were tested for additional RAS mutations in KRAS exon 3(codons 61) and exon 4(codons 117/146) and NRAS exon 2(codons 12/13), exon 3(codon 61), and exon 4(codons 117/146)and BRAF exon 15 codon 600.
The first of these potential genetic threats homonyms realized a famous molecular biologist Ulf Lagerkvist[7], reasonable belief, that rule is read by the Ribosome"two out of three" codons in the biosynthesis of proteins can lead to biochemical disaster, If not unambiguous codons will be read not correctly.
Increased ambiguity codons translation, localized in specific context, has a biological significance and leads to neslučajnomu distribution of"erroneous" amino acids in length synthesized polypeptide, leading to modifications of protein functions with access to the mechanisms of cellular differencirovok, and contexts of mRNA are substrate natural selection.
Shcherbak, analyzing the quantitative ratio of nucleonnuclei of atoms of encoded amino acids and codons of the genetic code, implies the existence of a system of arithmetic operations in the process of protein biosynthesis, and it is also a manifestation of some quasi thinking genome.