Examples of using Phosphorylation in English and their translations into German
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Phosphorylation can alter the activity of proteins.
Thus, digestive stimuli activate HCO3--rich secretion by phosphorylation of CFTR.
Phosphorylation is the most important and most thoroughly researched modification," says Mann.
Amino acid synthesis, polypeptide chains. transfer RNA, genetic code, enzyme expression.enzyme phosphorylation.
Ruxolitinib inhibits cytokine-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in whole blood from healthy subjects, MF patients and PV patients.
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The proton gradient provides energy to make ATP,which is used in oxidative phosphorylation.
Previous work by his group has shown that receptor phosphorylation and ubiquitylation control this process.
Lasmézas and her team foundthat enzymes of the MAPK pathway modify tau through a process called phosphorylation.
It catalyzes phosphorylation of serine and threonine on target proteins, converting adenosine triphosphate(ATP) to adenosine diphosphate ADP.
As a result, the distribution of 18F-FDG is agood reflection of the distribution of glucose uptake and phosphorylation by cells in the body.
Using this approach,they were able to filter out 42 proteins, whose phosphorylation was dependent on the activity of the Aurora enzymes, among more than a thousand proteins, on which phosphate groups were found.
The mitochondrion is the eukaryotic organelle in which all respiratory functions of the cell, including the citricacid cycle, the electron-transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation.
The formation of high-energy phosphate bonds by phosphorylation of ATP coupled to the transfer of electrons to molecular oxygen via the electron transport chain.
Phosphorylation of RB by cyclin dependent kinases(CDKs) 4 and 6 prevents binding of RB to E2F, meaning this transcription factor can induce transcription and the cell can pass through the G1 check point.
If a cell starts to divide uncontrollably anddevelops cancer-like characteristics, a phosphorylation of p53 causes the cell in question to"commit suicide" and thus banning the cancer risk.
Besides phosphorylation, methylation or acetylation, the attachment of ubiquitin and SUMO(small ubiquitin related modifier) are amongst the most frequently used reversible modifications.
The molecule can bind a maximum of four calcium ions andby undergoing post-translational modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, proteolytic cleavage and methylation, its functions can potentially be altered.
Oxidative phosphorylation. This means that it achieves an ATP benefit thanks to the passage of protons through the membrane of the mitochondrion, by means of a transmembrane protein that functions as ATP-ase, low levels of intracellular magnesium a bioelement that is essential to life.
The individual chemical reactions take place at different speeds:The first step, the phosphorylation of fructose, is very fast, while the second step, the enzymatic cleavage of fructose-1-phosphate, is very slow.
Aim: To study the effects of exposure to a 1.8 GHz radiofrequencyelectromagnetic field on epidermal growth factor receptor cluster formation(as initial process for signal transduction) and phosphorylation in human amniotic cells.
In addition to 5-Methylation of DNA, acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination of histones probably contributes to the graded genetic risk in neuro-psychiatric disorders.
Overall, tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFa) signaling results in activation of receptor interacting kinase(RIPK) 1, recruitment of RIPK 3,formation of the necrosome, and the phosphorylation and oligomerization of mixed lineage kinase domain-like MLKL.
An adapter protein calledGrb10 inhibits the activity of IR kinase and the phosphorylation of Grb10 by mTORC1 has been shown to enhance the inhibition of IR. IR recognition of IRS proteins is inhibited by a number of serine/threonine kinases.
Other chloride channels respond to an increase in the cell's volume, to the concentration of H+ ions(pH value), to the concentration of calcium ions, to the binding of ATP or to the hydrolysis of ATP, to a specific ligand(this is the case for glycine andGABA receptors), or to the phosphorylation of specific intracellular residues.
When a protein changes its form, it also changes its function:In the case of RKIP, phosphorylation and the resulting conformational change trigger its switch from one kinase to another.
IRS-1 and IRS-2 are the two primary substrates that undergo phosphorylation and these activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-Akt pathway, which plays a major role in the actions of insulin, mainly through activation of the Akt/PKB and the PKC cascades.
CCM signals normalize the protein function in a dog model of CHF CCM Signalshave been shown to normalize the phosphorylation of regulatory proteins such as Phospholamban(PLB) in-vitro, within seconds of treatment.
By abrogating the DNA damage checkpoint via blockade of Wee1 activity in WiDr cells bearing mutated p53, MK-1775 treatment inhibits the basal phosphorylation of CDC2 at Tyr15(CDC2Y15) with EC50 of 49 nM, and suppresses gemcitabine-, carboplatin- or cisplatin-induced phosphorylation of CDC2 and cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner, with EC50 of 82 nM and 81 nM, 180 nM and 163 nM, as well as 159 nM and 160 nM, respectively.
Idelalisib is a selective inhibitor of adenosine-5'-triphosphate(ATP) binding to the catalytic domain of PI3Kδ, resulting in inhibition of the phosphorylation of the key lipid second messenger phosphatidylinositol and prevention of Akt(protein kinase B) phosphorylation.
In collaboration with the Mandelkow group,we obtained detailed insight into the structural polymorphism of Tau, phosphorylation at different sites, influence of aggregation enhancers on the conformational ensemble of Tau, and provided insight into the fuzzy coat of insoluble Tau deposits at unprecedented detail.