Examples of using Timing reference in English and their translations into German
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Colloquial
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Official
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Ecclesiastic
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Medicine
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Financial
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Ecclesiastic
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Political
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Computer
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Programming
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Official/political
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Political
The distance from the timing reference is divided into strata.
This analog PLL has a high cut-off frequency,following the jitter with low timing reference.
However, choosing a timing reference to synchronize to is more challenging.
NTP servers are used by computer networks as a timing reference for synchronisation.
Choosing GPS or MSF as a Timing Reference for NTP Servers- Article about choosing whether GPS or MSF for your time server.
Most network time servers use NTP(Network Time Protocol)to distribute the timing reference throughout the network.
To synchronise a computer clock to timing reference using NTP extremely simple to do with modern operating systems.
Each GPS satellite can only do this by utilising an atomic clock which in turncan be can be used as a timing reference.
Below this strata are servers that receive a timing reference directly from a stratum 0 source.
NTP servers usually get their timing reference from either a specialist UTC radio transmission or via the GPS network and can synchronise all machines on that network to the same time.
Authentication is NTP's in-built security measure and ensures that a timing reference is coming from where it says it is.
Stratum 0 is timing reference, while stratum 1 is a server connected to a stratum 0 timing source and a stratum 2 is a computer(or device) attached to a stratum 1 server.
It must be noted however, that Microsoft andother operating system manufacturers strongly advise that external timing references should be used as Internet sources can't be authenticated.
These are devices that synchronize a computer network to UTC by receiving a time signal and distributing it with the protocol NTP whichensures all devices are running accurately to the timing reference.
Even those machines that are synchronised can fall victim,especially when the use the Internet as a timing reference which allows an open door for malicious users to inject a virus into your network.
Relying on an Internet based timing references can also leave a network open to malicious users as they can not utilise NTP authentication whichis a security measure used to ensure a timing reference is what it says it is.
Microsoft, who has installed a version of NTP in their operating systems since Windows 2000,strongly recommends that a hardware source is used as a timing reference as Internet sources can't be authenticated.
However, each satellite's highly accurate atomic clock timing reference can also be used by NTP(Network Time Protocol) servers to synchronise computer networks using the highly accurate GPS time as an external reference. .
It should be mentioned that Microsoft, amongst others,recommend using an external hardware source as a timing reference as Internet sources cannot be authenticated leaving a network open to malicious attacks.
However, it must be noted that Internet based timing references can't be authenticated and may leave a network vulnerable to malicious attacks such as DDoS(Distributed Denial of Service- normally caused by malware that floods a server with traffic) that blocks access.
Also having placed your NTP server securely behind your firewall it does seem pointless to have to keep a holeopen in it to allow the NTP server to poll the timing reference from across the web and leave the entire network vulnerable, particularly as NTP authentication(NTP's own security measure) is not possible over the Internet.
Although networks can be synchronized with internal clocks orInternet based timing references, it is highly recommended by Microsoft and others that an external timing reference should be used to guarantee authentication.
However, Microsoft andother operating system manufacturers strongly advise that external timing references should be used as Internet sources can't be authenticated, making systems vulnerable to a malicious attack.