Examples of using Hyperbolic geometry in English and their translations into Indonesian
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Trigonometry on surfaces of negative curvature is part of hyperbolic geometry.
In 1913 and 1914 he bridged the gap between hyperbolic geometry and special relativity with expository work.
In 1825 the Hungarian mathematician János Bolyai andthe Russian mathematician Nicolay Lobachevsky independently rediscovered hyperbolic geometry.
Her research topics included Teichmüller theory, hyperbolic geometry, ergodic theory, and symplectic geometry. .
Around 1830, the Hungarian mathematician János Bolyai andthe Russian mathematician Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky separately published treatises on hyperbolic geometry.
Hyperbolic geometry: lines"curve away" from each other, increasing in distance as one moves further from the points of intersection with the common perpendicular;
She possesses a remarkable fluency in a diverse range of mathematical techniques and disparate mathematical cultures- including algebra, calculus,complex analysis and hyperbolic geometry.
In hyperbolic geometry, by contrast, there are infinitely many lines through A not intersecting ℓ, while in elliptic geometry, any line through A intersects ℓ.
Examples of non-planar triangles in noneuclidean geometries are spherical triangles in spherical geometry andhyperbolic triangles in hyperbolic geometry.
Eugenio Beltrami in 1868 andFelix Klein in 1871 obtained Euclidean"models" of the non-Euclidean hyperbolic geometry, and thereby completely justified this theory as a logical possibility.
Consequently, hyperbolic geometry is called Bolyai-Lobachevskian geometry, as both mathematicians, independent of each other, are the basic authors of non-Euclidean geometry. .
Mirzakhani's award credited her work on Riemann surfaces, but she had made significant advances in several other mathematical fields,such as proving a long-standing conjecture in Teichmüller dynamics and solving hyperbolic geometry.
In hyperbolic geometry they"curve away" from each other, increasing in distance as one moves further from the points of intersection with the common perpendicular; these lines are often called ultraparallels.
In the first case, replacing the parallel postulate(or its equivalent) with the statement"In a plane, given a point P and a line ℓ not passing through P, there exist two lines through P which do not meet ℓ" and keeping all the other axioms,yields hyperbolic geometry.
Non-Euclidean hyperbolic geometry, introduced by Nikolai Lobachevsky in 1829 and János Bolyai in 1832(and Carl Gauss in 1816, unpublished)[4]: 133 stated that the sum depends on the triangle and is always less than 180 degrees.
In a work titled Euclides ab Omni Naevo Vindicatus(Euclid Freed from All Flaws), published in 1733, he quickly discarded elliptic geometry as a possibility(some others of Euclid's axioms must be modified for elliptic geometry to work)and set to work proving a great number of results in hyperbolic geometry.
In hyperbolic geometry, by contrast, there are infinitely many lines through A not intersecting ℓ, while in elliptic geometry, any line through A intersects ℓ(see the entries on hyperbolic geometry, elliptic geometry, and absolute geometry for more information).
In a work titled Euclides ab Omni Naevo Vindicatus(Euclid Freed from All Flaws), published in 1733, he quickly discarded elliptic geometry as a possibility(some others of Euclid's axioms must be modified for elliptic geometry to work)and set to work proving a great number of results in hyperbolic geometry.
In hyperbolic geometry, by contrast, there are infinitely many lines through A not intersecting ℓ, while in elliptic geometry, any line through A intersects ℓ(see the entries on hyperbolic geometry, elliptic geometry, and absolute geometry for more information).
She said that because"the chain of proof is based in hyperbolic(Lobachevskian) geometry", and because squaring the circle isseen as a"famous impossibility" despite being possible in hyperbolic geometry, then"if we reject a hyperbolic method of squaring the circle, we should also reject a hyperbolic proof of Fermat's last theorem.".
She was also criticized for rejecting hyperbolic geometry as a satisfactory basis for Wiles's proof, with critics pointing out that axiomatic set theory(rather than Euclidean geometry) is now the accepted foundation of mathematical proofs and that set theory is sufficiently robust to encompass both Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry. .
Specifically, she argued that because"the chain of proof is based in hyperbolic(Lobachevskian) geometry," and because squaring the circle isconsidered a"famous impossibility" despite being possible in hyperbolic geometry, then"if we reject a hyperbolic method of squaring the circle, we should also reject a hyperbolic proof of Fermat's last theorem.".
Savant was criticized for rejecting hyperbolic geometry as a satisfactory basis for Wiles' proof, with critics pointing out that axiomatic set theory(rather than Euclidean geometry) is now the accepted foundation of mathematical proofs and that set theory is sufficiently robust to encompass both Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry as well as geometry and adding numbers.
