Examples of using Host cell in English and their translations into Malay
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Colloquial
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Ecclesiastic
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Computer
Mycoplasma infection and host cell transformation.
Some viruses are quite large,particularly some that exist as metabolic parasites inside host cells.
Viruses take control of host cells to produce more viruses;
After the release of new influenza viruses, the host cell dies.
This enzyme is essential to the host cell to reproduce the ribonucleic acid of the virus.
Viruses are dependent on the biochemical machinery of a host cell for reproduction.
Some viruses"sleep" inside host cells for years before reproducing, as they did inside the helmet.
A virus cannot self-propagate and requires the host cell for replication.
After attachment, a protease of the host cell cleaves and activates the receptor-attached spike protein.
Infection begins when the viral spike(S)glycoprotein attaches to its complementary host cell receptor.
Because they use the machinery of their host cells, viruses are difficult to kill.
Viral replication is the formation ofbiological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells.
Progeny viruses are then released from the host cell by exocytosis through secretory vesicles.
The lipid bilayer envelope, membrane proteins,and nucleocapsid protect the virus when it is outside the host cell.
Interferons(IFNs) are proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens- such as viruses, bacteria, or parasites- or tumor cells. .
The virus uses a special surface glycoprotein called a"spike"(peplomer)to connect to ACE2 and enter the host cell.
Ganglioside GT1b has also been proposed as a host cell receptor for Merkel cell polyoma virus and as a means capable of triggering infections that cause Merkel cell carcinoma.
This phenomenon can be explained by the endosymbiont hypothesis of theorigin of mitochondria as prokaryotes internalized by a eukaryotic host cell.
The lungs are the organsmost affected by COVID-19 because the virus accesses host cells via the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2), which is most abundant in the type II alveolar cells of the lungs.
Integrase inhibitors such as dolutegravir(Tivicay), elvitegravir(Vitekta), and raltegravir(Isentress), whichblock HIV from inserting its viral DNA into host cells.
Other viral proteins have multiple actions in the host cell, including degrading cellular mRNA and using the released nucleotides for vRNA synthesis and also inhibiting translation of host-cell mRNAs.
If this interaction does not happen, the exotoxins bind to the exotoxin receptors that are on the cell surface andcauses death of the host cell by inhibiting protein syiranthesis.
Before Spearman postdoctoral Mingli Qi andcolleagues found that a protein from the host cell(called a Rab11-FIP1C), for the envelope protein of HIV like part of virus particles in the cell, is important.
Depending on the host cell protease available, cleavage and activation allows the virus to enter the host cell by endocytosis or direct fusion of the viral envelop with the host membrane.On entry into the host cell, the virus particle is uncoated, and its genome enters the cell cytoplasm.
Working with Spearman, postdoctoral fellow Mingli Qi, PhD,and colleagues previously found that a protein from host cells called Rab11-FIP1C is important for the envelope protein to become part of viral particles in the cells HIV prefers.
Influenza infection and replication is a multi-step process: First, the virus has to bind to and enter the cell, then deliver its genome to a site where it can produce new copies of viral proteins and RNA, assemble these components into new viral particles, and, last,exit the host cell.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1)[2] is a strain of virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS).[3] It is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus which infects the epithelial cells within the lungs.[4]The virus enters the host cell by binding to the ACE2 receptor.[5] It infects humans, bats, and palm civets.[6][7].
Host disease in allogenetic stem cell transplants, October 2012 Newsletter, p. 14-17.
A few parasites like Trichinella spiralis(pork worm)respire anaerobically in nurse cells(infected cell playing host to the juvenile parasite).[which?].
The mature virus buds off from the cell in a sphere of host phospholipid membrane, acquiring hemagglutinin and neuraminidase with this membrane coat(step 7).