Examples of using Variable cost in English and their translations into Malayalam
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Ecclesiastic
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Ecclesiastic
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Understand the variable costs upfront.
Bit By Bit- Running experiments- 4.6.1 Create zero variable cost data.
Create zero variable cost data(Section 4.6.1).
The key to running large experiments is driving your variable cost to zero.
Create zero variable cost data(Section 4.6.1).
The use of music as compensation also illustrates how there is sometimes a trade-off between fixed costs and variable costs.
The second main type of variable cost is payments to participants.
Variable costs, on the other hand, change depending on the number of participants.
This example also shows that zero variable cost data is not just about doing things cheaper.
Variable costs include electricity consumption, housekeeping, rent for using any equipment to name a few.
MusicLab was able to run at essentially zero variable cost because of the way that it was designed.
To drive variable costs all the way to zero, however, a different approach is needed.
Further, the MusicLab experiments show that zero variable cost does not have to be an end in itself;
One way to think about this difference is to note that experiments generally have two types of costs: fixed costs and variable costs.
For example, in a lab experiment, variable costs might come from paying staff and participants.
In general, amplified askingwill probably have high fixed costs and low variable costs similar to digital experiments(see Chapter 4).
If you want to create zero variable costs experiments you will want to ensure that everything is fully automated and that participants don't require any payments.
Further, the MusicLab experiments show that zero variable cost does not have to be an end in itself;
However, when there is zero variable cost data, researchers don't face a cost constraint on the size of their experiment, and this has the potential to lead to unnecessarily large experiments.
If you want to run really large experiments,you should try to decrease your variable cost as much as possible and ideally all the way to zero.
Another approach to creating zero variable cost payment to participants is to use a lottery, an approach that has also been used in survey research(Halpern et al. 2011).
In general,analog experiments have low fixed costs and high variable costs whereas digital experiments have high fixed costs and low variable costs. .
In Chapter 4,we saw how you can create zero variable cost data by designing experiments that people actually want to be in, such as the music downloading experiment that I created with Peter Dodds and Duncan Watts(Salganik, Dodds, and Watts 2006).
In general,analog experiments have low fixed costs and high variable costs, while digital experiments have high fixed costs and low variable costs(figure 4.19).
However, the ability to create zero variable cost experiments can raise new ethical questions, the topic that I shall now address.
Table 4.4: Examples of experiments with zero variable cost that compensated participants with a valuable service or an enjoyable experience.
Even though digital experiments have low variable costs, you can create a lot of exciting opportunities when you drive the variable cost all the way to zero.
In the past, this reduction happened naturally because the variable cost of analog experiments was high, which encouraged research to optimize their design and analysis.
If you want to create experiments with zero variable cost data, you will need to ensure that everything is fully automated and that participants don't require any payment.
If you do design your own experiment,you can drive your variable cost to zero, and you can use the three R's- replace, refine, and reduce- to build ethics into your design.