Examples of using WSS systems in English and their translations into Russian
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Official
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Colloquial
Similarly to other countries of the Caucasus, CBOs manage small-scale WSS systems.
Most existing WSS systems in Turkmenistan were built between the 1950s to 1980s.
A rayon water utility often owns several separate centralised WSS systems.
The Water Code prohibits privatisation of WSS systems, thereby ensuring public ownership.
Usually the latter is the case in rural areas,while urban areas have centralised(piped) WSS systems.
In 1917, when Finland became independent, 16 urban WSS systems were already in operation.
The extension of centralised WSS systems can stretch beyond the administrative borders of a given municipality.
Pilot MPWI- Shardara water reservoir(South Kazakhstan) and related HES,irrigation and WSS systems.
In rural areas without centralised WSS systems, people use individual wells and septic tanks.
Moreover, almost 0.5 million of rural residents live in houses that are not connected to centralised WSS systems.
Insufficient allocation of funds by local authorities for the design of WSS systems and the Bill of Quantities(BOQ) estimates.
In Tbilisi and Rustavi, the WSS systems have been privatised and are now privately owned by the Georgian Water& Power company.
Similar to other countries of the Caucasus and the Kyrgyz Republic,small-scale WSS systems are often managed by community-based organisations.
WSS systems are considered to be a key component in ensuring a clean environment and the good health of Georgian people, especially in rural areas.
Due to the low population density in Kazakhstan, individual(household) WSS systems will often serve people in rural areas.
The community management model of WSS service delivery is a natural alternative to individual WSS systems.
Most of the WSS systems are in critical condition due to anthropogenic contamination, low sanitary standards and a difficult economic situation.
Another acute problem is unsustainability, or the lack,of operators of newly built or rehabilitated WSS systems in rural settlements.
This policy is implemented through the development of centralised WSS systems and social campaigns intended to raise awareness among the rural population.
Municipalities organise, maintain and develop WSS services, although regional governments own WSS systems in a few cases.
The country-wide privatisation of WSS systems management should first be preceded by pilots in a relevant area, e.g. in a city with a high level of WSS service development.
Residents outside of this area will have to rely on other solutions,usually small-scale WSS systems or individual means of self-supply.
This means that in many rural areas, population density and economic activity are not sufficient to develop economically justified andaffordable centralised WSS systems.
Due to the low population density in Kazakhstan, individual(servicing just one household) WSS systems will be used in many small and remote villages.
Water user co-operatives are non-profit organisations, meaning that any revenue generated by operations is used to maintain,develop or rehabilitate WSS systems.
Usually, large farms oragricultural enterprises rely on their own WSS systems and have their own operation and maintenance personnel.
It is also necessary to develop organisational, managerial, technical andfinancial capacity to ensure sustainable operations, maintenance and financing of WSS systems.
An analysis of the Drinking Water andAk Bulak programmes shows that many newly-constructed WSS systems do not function adequately due to the absence of unified technical standards and the use of poor quality materials.
Under this model, all expenses are financed by contributions of water users; tariffs or monthly fees cover the cost of operation andmaintenance of respective WSS systems.