Examples of using Top predators in English and their translations into Russian
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For top predators.
Found in elevated concentrations in top predators.
Top predators may include large fish, herons, or alligators.
Hunting with impunity, Hatzegopteryx are the top predators.
For example, what happens to top predators if they derive most of their energy from fish rather than krill.
The other tyrannosaurids share so many characteristics with Tyrannosaurus that only small dromaeosaurs remain as feasible top predators.
In addition, an unacceptable risk for top predators due to secondary poisoning have been identified European Communities, 2001b, European Commission, 2000a.
A regional synthesis with pelagic and benthic ecoregions was proposed utilising information from a biodiversity census of fish, benthos,plankton and top predators.
The end points to assess Hg impacts were human health, top predators in(water-) ecosystem, and decomposers in forest top-soils.
Flagship species and top predators may in some cases be relatively easy to survey, but they are also amongst the most adaptable species and may not indicate overall ecosystem health.
In addition it should also to be taken into consideration that Arctic animals and top predators are exposed to a mixture of heavy metals and persistent organic substances.
There are discrepancies in the amount of data between sectors; Crozet can be considered as an area with less ecological information than Kerguelen,except for oceanography and top predators.
There is a need to develop approaches to derive an understanding of the functional response of top predators from the considerable behavioural data that can and is being collected from them.
Consequently, the question arises as to what extent these brominated flame retardants(BFRs) pose a risk to species higher in the food chain,in particular top predators and humans.
The decomposers may follow any category,not just the top predators, because any creature, after death, is decomposed in inorganic substances that can be absorbed by plants.
Institute(where not already available)approaches to provide comparable indices over time of the relative abundance of krill and top predators/predator groups in the spatial unit.
The comparison of reported concentrations of endosulfan in biota,and particularly in top predators, with those observed in the same organisms and ecosystems for other POPs, also offer indirect indications of bioaccumulation potential.
Dr Constable emphasised that all of the candidate protected areas(Figure 1) had been selected for their benthic values; however, some had also been selected for the important combination of benthic values and pelagic values,including information on top predators.
This need has also been identified by other groups as needing further development within Climatic Impact on Top Predators(CLIOTOP) and the 2009-2013 ICES Strategic Plan.
Sample the diet of the top predators/predator groups on an annual basis if possible, with priority guided by the‘importance index', and with a view towards estimating the parameters of a range of plausible feeding functional relationships.
Zegers et al.(2005)published data on HBCD concentrations in two species of marine top predators, the harbor porpoise and the common dolphin(Delphinus delphis), from different European seas.
The scientific advice is based on the precautionary approach, on long-term management plans where they have been developed,such as in the case of cod, and in some cases on multi-stock models taking into account the interactions between the different stocks from top predators down.
Antarctic marine biodiversity is characterized by a short food chain from primary production to the top predators, the small number of species involved and high dependence on a single species, krill.
In spite of that and as confirmed by monitoring data from across the world(see Section 2.3 and Tables 5.1 and 5.2 UNEP/POPS/POPRC.10/INF5) and available laboratory studies, detectable and sometimes high BDE209 levels have been measured in a wide variety of tissues, species,food webs and top predators.
The reasons for this are two-fold:(i)many process datasets are regional in scale(e.g. tracking data for top predators);(ii) expert knowledge of spatially defined ecosystem processes can be more easily incorporated at a regional scale.
Though the impact of BDE-209 was not assessed in these studies and only correlations were reported, the study, similar to the findings of Kortenkamp(2014), raises concerns that PBDEs due to a similar mode of action may act in concert and induce adverse toxic effects andthereby pose a threat to Arctic marine top predators and other wildlife.
There is moderate consensus that a decline of three out of 500 species of fruit-fly would be of less concern than a similar decline of one out of two top predators, or of a‘keystone species', on whose presence hangs the existence of a broad web of other species.
The presence of endosulfan in biota including top predators has been confirmed for situations representing medium range transport; potential for long range transport, including atmospheric transfer and deposition at high altitude mountain areas; and in remote areas, far away from intensive use areas, in particular, the Arctic and the Antarctic.
Verreault et al.(2005) found accumulation of several octaBDE congeners(both higher andlower brominated) in several environmental samples of two Arctic top predators, and De Wit et al.(2006) reported a variety of PBDEs in the Arctic.
Here, the tyrannosaur is the top predator.