Examples of using Preference margin in English and their translations into Spanish
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Official
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Colloquial
Again, the share of exports receiving substantial preference margins is low.
In these circumstances, even low preference margins might lead to the establishment of PTAs.
They can also lead to embedded opposition to non-discriminatory trade opening,which is seen as a threat to preference margins.
Information was provided concerning the precise determination of the preference margin and the prospects for granting some exemptions.
The global trade-weighted preference margin amounts to no more than 1 per cent 2 per cent including trade within the EU.
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Preference-receiving countries are likely to face the need for adjustment arising from the erosion of their preference margins.
In the few cases where preference margins are significant, they are no basis for investment and development because they are insecure.
High transaction costs did not make it worth while for beneficiaries to use the GSP in cases where preference margins were small.
Non-reciprocal preference margins can also be eroded through reciprocal regional trading agreements signed by a preferencegranting country.
Since many countries benefit from existing preferences, deeper sectoral liberalization on fish would reduce their preference margin.
Data based on this relative preference margin(RPM) index was calculated for a sample of 85 countries covering 90 per cent of trade between 2000 and 2008.
The reduction in standard tariff rates, combined with unchanged rates under the various tariff preference schemes,reduces the preference margin.
Relative preference margins by region are in percentage points and are calculated as the simple average of all RPMs of countries in the region.
Since numerous and overlapping preferential trade agreements exist around the world,the MFN rate does not provide an appropriate basis for calculating the preference margin.
The erosion andeventual elimination of preference margins in these circumstances may imply adjustment costs and a need to reallocate resources.
Eightyfive per cent of imports from MERCOSUR partners aregiven a preferential tariff by Brazil, and for 63 per cent of trade the preference margin is above 10 per cent.
Scope of product coverage and preference margins, in particular ways to tackle exclusions for textiles, clothing, shoes, food and other sensitive products;
Procurement is open to foreign suppliers registered inBrunei although there is, theoretically, a 15% price preference margin for local suppliers, which may not be applied in practice.
When the difference in preference margins is large, there is more incentive for firms to relocate their production lines in order to meet preferential origin rules.
For these countries,clothing- the most labour-intensive manufactured product- remains subject to the highest tariffs and its preference margin vis-à-vis other developing countries is the lowest.
The tariff preference margins and all other benefits established under this Agreement shall apply exclusively to originating goods of the Parties listed in Annexes I and II.
In contrast, the average tariff on agricultural goods of LDCs declined further after 2004, dropping to less than 1 per cent,resulting in a preference margin of almost 6.8 percentage points compared with competing exports originating from other developing countries.
Unlike a traditional preference margin which was the basis of the analysis in Section B, this competitionadjusted preference margin can assume positive as well as negative values.
However, in this case, a government may have little appetite to reduce tariffs on third-country imports,because a reduction in the external tariffs would lower the preference margin to partners and thus weaken the agreement.38 Ultimately, the effect of PTAs on external tariffs is an empirical question.
Depending on the preference margin and export supply response in the recipient country,preferences may depress prices in the granting country's market, thereby creating opposition from producers in non-beneficiary countries as well as in the preference-granting country.
Among the 30 largest exporters, the country with the highest share of exports(21 per cent)enjoying a preference margin of more than 10 per cent is Turkey, and its overall trade-weighted preferential margin is the highest within this group 5 per cent.
The rationale for including these elements in the preference margin calculation is that a preference margin is more or less valuable to the exporting country depending on the elasticity of demand in the importing country and on the export capability of the exporting country.
While for the US, at least about 20 per cent of its exports enjoy a preference margin above 5 per cent, only 3.7 per cent of exports benefit from a preference margin of more than 10 per cent see Figure B.11.
Non-reciprocal agreements are certainly deserving of study, butalmost 90 per cent of the global trade-weighted preference margin(i.e. the difference between the lowest applicable preferential tariff and the MFN rate applied to other trading partners) is related to preferential tariffs under reciprocal agreements see Section B.
These relate both to the benefits of using preferences(notably the size of the preference margin) and the costs(e.g. rules of origin and other administrative requirements to be fulfilled).32 As the latter are likely to constitute some sort of fixed cost, transaction size may also play a role.