Примеры использования Absolute liability на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
{-}
- 
                                                                                        Official
                                                                                    
- 
                                                                                        Colloquial
                                                                                    
Note: For absolute liability, see section 6 .2.
It further noted that concepts of strict or absolute liability which.
On strict or absolute liability the 1996 Working Group of the ILC noted that.
That did not exclude the possibility of a regime of absolute liability for cases of transboundary harm.
Strict or absolute liability: a necessary legal basis for an international regime?
Another noticeable development was the emergence of large shippers with the power to force carriers to accept absolute liability.
It creates an absolute liability in respect of which no defence appears to be possible.
The 1962 Convention on the Liability  of Operators of Nuclear Ships also provides for the absolute liability of the operator of nuclear ships.
The principle of absolute liability for the damage caused by a"space object" on the surface of the Earth also applies to a"space object.
He also agreed with the representative of the Czech Republic that harm caused by a diligent State would give rise to a regime of absolute liability.
It was feared that such an attempt would amount to absolute liability for non-prohibited activities and that would not be acceptable to States.
Subject to applicable rules of national law, paragraph(2)is not intended by its authors to be interpreted as a rule of absolute liability.
The draft articles did not incorporate the principle of"objective" or"absolute" liability, which had been developed in international law with regard to some activities but not for many others.
There seems to be no reason in principle why treaties should not also exclude other defences, such as force majeure or distress,and impose absolute liability.
She pointed out that to make the State bear absolute liability for harm caused by lawful actions, if only residually for that not borne by the operator, would involve a significant development of international law.
It also includes the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability  for Nuclear Damage of 1963,which puts the absolute liability for nuclear damage on the operator.
It places absolute liability on the"launching State", which is defined as:(a) a State which launches or procures the launching of a space object, and(b) a State from whose territory a space object is launched.
There was a difference between stating that transboundary harm was caused by a wrongful act andstating that the obligation to make reparation would arise only if absolute liability had been provided for.
The'polluter pays' principle as interpreted by this Court means that the absolute liability for harm to the environment extends not only to compensate the victims of pollution, but also the cost of restoring the environmental degradation.
In addition, concerns were raised that the deletion of subparagraphs 3(e) and(g) would lead to a substantial increase in the carrier's liability, in certain cases even to an absolute liability.
The Convention provides for absolute liability of launching States for damage caused by its space objects, including component parts of a space object as well as its launched vehicle and parts thereof, on the surface of the earth or to aircraft in flight.
Endorsing that approach, the Working Group of the Commission in 1996 noted that the articles on compensation andrelief it recommended"do not follow the principle of'strict' or'absolute' liability as commonly known.
They pointed out that to make the State bear absolute liability for harm caused by lawful actions, even if only residually for that not borne by the operator, would involve a significant development of international law which States might not be prepared to accept.
Subsequently, States had endeavoured to facilitate compensation for individuals who had suffered as a result of such acts through their own domestic legislation andto establish special strict or absolute liability regimes.
If the draft convention allowed freedom of contract with regard to volume contracts, a large shipper could, for example,impose an absolute liability clause on a carrier with weaker bargaining power, depriving it of the protection of the liability  limits under the Hague-Visby Rules.
Given the difficulties and constraints of traditional tort law or civil liability  regimes, the 1996 Working Group of the Commission had already set in motiona more flexible approach, divorced from private law remedies or from strict or absolute liability as a basis for the compensation scheme proposed.
Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of this article, exoneration from absolute liability shall be granted to the extent that a launching State establishes that the damage has resulted either wholly or partially from gross negligence or from an act or omission done with intent to cause damage on the part of a claimant State or of natural or juridical persons it represents.
In its claim against the USSR in 1979 following the accidental crash on Canadian territory of the nuclear-poweredSoviet satellite Cosmos 954, Canada sought to impose"absolute liability" on the Soviet Union by reason of the damage caused by the accident.
No international customary law exists with respect to the passage of an"aerospace vehicle", though for a"space object" there are principles like rescue of astronauts, assist and return of space objects, mutual assistance and cooperation in the peaceful uses and exploration of outer space,good neighbourliness, absolute liability for damage caused and so on.
As for the implementation of international liability  for injurious consequences arising out of acts not prohibited by international law,his country was in favour of absolute liability covering the cost of restoration and compensation when harm had been caused innocently, although maximum limits should be set.