Примеры использования Accumulated exceedance на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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Average Accumulated Exceedance of computed critical loads for eutrophication in 2000 and 2020.
Benefits were expressed as the reduction of the areas at risk and of accumulated exceedances see Table 2.
Average accumulated exceedance(AAE) of acidic deposition exceeding critical loads for acidification;
The ecosystem area where the critical load for acidification is exceeded as well as the average accumulated exceedance AAE.
For assessing the location,the magnitude(average accumulated exceedance(AAE)) and area exceeded(by CCE and CIAM);
The accumulated exceedance integrates all deposition in excess of the critical loads for all ecosystems in a grid cell.
The development of an alternative approach to setting gap closure targets, based on accumulated exceedances;
For eutrophication: at a 50% gap closure of the accumulated exceedance of nitrogen deposition, with an absolute limit of 600 aeq/ha/year.
The first one is the percentage of the ecosystem area that is protected("Protected%") andthe second is the average accumulated exceedance AAE in eq ha- 1 year- 1.
In addition to the area of ecosystems at risk, the average accumulated exceedance(AAE) was also important for assessing air pollution abatement needs.
Agree on a revision/update of the Mapping Manual, especially concerning critical levels for ozone(level II),average accumulated exceedances and heavy metals;
Linearized relationships between average accumulated exceedance and emissions were derived in collaboration with the Centre for Integrated Assessment Modelling to facilitate optimization.
The ecosystem area where the critical load for nutrient nitrogen is exceeded,as well as the average accumulated exceedance, including potential changes to plant species diversity.
Using the accumulated exceedance together with the confidence interval, as outlined above, makes it possible to target gap closures of more than 90%, while giving a good spread of environmental improvements over Europe.
The analysis benefits were expressed as the reduction of the magnitude of the average accumulated exceedance and of the per cent of area where critical loads were exceeded.
Continue to analyse exceedance calculations using the critical load functions in a multi-pollutant, multi-effect approach,especially considering accumulated exceedances;
In particular the optimization scenarios employed the concept of accumulated exceedance for eutrophication which was constructed in the same way as the accumulated exceedance for acidification.
The estimated vegetation exposure to ozone levels exceeding 40 ppbwould be reduced by 33 per cent, with a maximum five-year average accumulated exceedance of 10 ppm-hours.
It also took note of the target-setting methods(accumulated exceedances and maximum depositions) being used by integrated assessment modellers EB. AIR/WG.1/1998/2, para. 19(a)-(b) and(f)-h.
Mr. Posch described the use of critical loads in integrated assessment modelling anda new methodology using linearized relationships between average accumulated exceedance(AAE) and emissions to facilitate optimization.
Isolines of ecosystem protection and accumulated exceedances have been computed for each EMEP grid cell and provided to the modelling groups under the Task Force on Integrated Assessment Modelling for use in integrated assessment.
Acidification(caused by emissions of sulphur and nitrogen compounds)is expressed as the percentage of ecosystem area where the critical load for acidification is exceeded and as the average accumulated exceedance(AAE) Posch and others, 2001.
The CCE had developed a new linearization methodology between emissions and average accumulated exceedance, which had been incorporated into the RAINS model to calculate impacts, inter alia, for the CAFE assessment.
Mr. M. Posch(Netherlands), the representative of the Coordination Center for Effects(CCE), reported on its recent activities, including the preparation of updated maps of critical loads of acidity and nutrient nitrogen, the investigation into uncertaintiesin critical load calculations, and the evaluation of the accumulated exceedance approach EB. AIR/WG.1/1998/5.
Circulation, by the Coordination Center for Effects by the end of January 1998,of a description of the accumulated exceedances approach to NFCs of the Mapping Programme and to national representatives in the Task Force on Mapping.
The results show that the accumulated exceedance gap closure is an appropriate method for selecting targets, since it identifies both those areas where critical loads are low, and areas where special ecosystems exist covering only a small area.
CIAM was requested to continue to present the effects of emission control strategies both in terms of the protected ecosystem area and also as accumulated exceedance at the country level,as the reduction of accumulated exceedance does not always lead to a proportional reduction in the area exceeded.
Starting from a given deposition, this'accumulated exceedance'(AE) is calculated by adding up(for each ecosystem) the sulphur and nitrogen reduction needed to achieve non-exceedance by taking the shortest path to the critical load function.
The progress in the mapping of critical levels and loads and the approval of the updated maps of critical loads of sulphur and nutrient nitrogen by the Working Group on Effects, the effort of Parties and CCE to provide for transparencyin critical loads data, and the use, by integrated assessment modellers, of the target-setting methods(accumulated exceedances and maximum depositions);
The preliminary baseline emission scenario as of autumn 2009 was used to calculate trends in the average accumulated exceedance(AAE) of critical loads for acidification in the modelling domain of the Convention's Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe EMEP.