Примеры использования Critical load exceedances на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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These data were used for assessing the relationships with critical load exceedances.
Critical load exceedances are decreasing and are predicted to decrease further in the future.
CIAM report, a framework for uncertainty analysis from economic activity to critical load exceedances in Europe.
Critical load exceedances indicated environmental risk of N deposition, e.g. to biodiversity;
CCE together with CIAM have developed methods for linking emissions and critical load exceedances in integrated assessment models.
Data on critical load exceedances for cadmium and lead would be presented if they became available on time.
The Task Force agreed that higher resolution modelling was important as it allowed for more realistic critical load exceedances.
The work on the relationships between critical load exceedances and monitored data was conducted and is reported in section B.
Critical load exceedances for nutrient nitrogen are only available for a limited number of countries in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
The impacts of emissions were still present since critical load exceedances could be observed in central Europe and also other parts of the EMEP region.
Some had linked national high-resolution deposition models to the EMEP scale model andanalysed the resulting critical load exceedances.
Mr. T. Springer(Germany)informed the Task Force about critical load exceedances and the need for good spatial resolution in the evaluation of effects.
The Joint Expert Group on Dynamic Modelling had no additional information on studies linking observed effects to critical load exceedances.
The Task Force considered two reports:(i)the draft report on critical loads and critical load exceedances for ICP Waters sites; and(ii) the report on chemical intercalibration 1997.
A study(to end in August 2001) has started to construct sensitivitymaps for acidification and eutrophication as well as critical load exceedances in Flanders.
High critical load exceedances have been reported for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia for cadmium and lead and for Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Russian Federation for lead figure 4.
The Task Force acknowledged that effects-based modelling was anchored in the precautionary principle to sustainably protect European ecosystems and prevent critical load exceedances.
Develop methods to scale critical level(e.g. ozone AOT40)exceedances and critical load exceedances between EMEP grid and small-scale values up or down.
He requested the Working Group to raise awareness so that the Working Group on Strategies and Review andits Expert Group on Heavy Metals might address the need for agro-economic data to calculate critical load exceedances.
It also recognized the important new insights that were identified by CIAM(e.g. ecosystem-specific critical load exceedances) and requested that information on these should be drawn to the attention of appropriate bodies under the Convention.
Maps of critical load exceedances, using new deposition data, showed considerably higher estimates than 1998, mostly due to the use of high resolution and land cover specific deposition data.
Cooperation at national andEuropean levels has explored improved relationships between critical load exceedances, nitrogen impacts and objectives set according to the EU Habitats directive and comparable national legislation.
Nitrogen critical load exceedances together with emission scenario analysis indicated continued exceedance of site-specific nitrogen critical loads, and in 2020 50 per cent of the Integrated Monitoring sites would still not be protected.
UKIAM combined sector-specific emissions, atmospheric transport anddeposition, ecosystem-specific critical load exceedances, and pollution abatement costs to determine optimized abatement strategies using benefit and, where applicable, recovery functions.
The critical load exceedances for 1990 sulphur deposition and the deposition according to the current reduction plan scenario for 2010(mainly a result of the 1994 Sulphur Protocol) and the exceedances under the maximum(technically) feasible reduction scenario for the year 2010 have been calculated.
The science-related work in the period 2014- 2015 will aim to address the remaining and emerging challenges identified in the Long-term Strategy e.g., particulate matter(PM),tropospheric ozone, critical load exceedances and linkages between air pollution, climate change and biodiversity.
While assessments of forest damage in relation to critical load exceedances have largely been complicated by extreme natural variation in growing conditions, there are indications that the forest soils are recovering from high sulphur input in the past.
It expressed the need for closer cooperation between EMEP and the Working Group on Effects in investigating the re-suspension of heavy metals, in particular with regard to information on heavy metal accumulation in soil and other compartments, dynamical redistribution between the surface and subsoil layers, and availability for the wind erosion,noting the usefulness of the information on heavy metal re-suspension for evaluating critical load exceedances.
Compared with Western and Central Europe,available computed critical load exceedances for nitrogen have historically been lower in South-Eastern Europe and large areas of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia, particularly the northern part, and this was also the case in 2010 figure 2.
Results of the work on heavy metal budgets had indicated a continued accumulation and exceedance of critical loads, particularly for mercury, and a statistical relationship between empirical impact indicators(changes in abundance of understory species cover, nitrogen leaching)and nitrogen critical load exceedances, as well as emission scenario analysis indicating continued exceedance of site-specific nitrogen critical loads. .