Примеры использования Critical load exceedance на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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Official
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Colloquial
Assessment of the relationships between critical load exceedance and empirical effect indicators;
Critical load exceedance maps have been produced based on simple mass balance methods.
This would further strengthen the implementation of critical load exceedance as an indicator for biodiversity loss.
Critical load exceedances are decreasing and are predicted to decrease further in the future.
For the total sample of all main tree species, there were no significant relations to critical load exceedance.
Critical load exceedances indicated environmental risk of N deposition, e.g. to biodiversity;
For all tree species,stand age was more strongly related to defoliation than to deposition or critical load exceedance.
Critical load exceedance is being linked with effect indicators, e.g. concentrations, budgets and biodiversity.
They relate changes in pollutant load or critical load exceedance to observed harmful chemical and biological change.
Critical load exceedance for cadmium was calculated using modelling results based on officially reported emission data.
Modelling suggested that applying maximum technically feasible emission reductions would reduce critical load exceedance to a few hot spots.
Models provided means to relate changes in critical load exceedance to observed harmful chemical and biological change, and to estimate chemical and biological delays in both damage and recovery;
It will, furthermore, present estimates for Hg atmospheric transport ona hemispheric scale and, in cooperation with CCE, critical load exceedance maps for Pb and Cd.
The workshop recommended applying, in addition to critical load exceedance, dynamic models and current exceedance of critical limits for further policy evaluation.
It will furthermore present: 1990-2000 pollution trends for Pb, Cd and Hg; estimates for Hg atmospheric transport on a hemispheric scale; and,in cooperation with CCE, critical load exceedance maps for Pb and Cd.
This suggested that currently available official critical load exceedance should be viewed with some caution when used as a basis for considering the need for further measures to control emissions.
It will furthermore present: 1990-2000 pollution trends for Pb, Cd and Hg; estimates for Hg atmospheric transport on a hemispheric scale; and,in cooperation with CCE, critical load exceedance maps for Pb and Cd.
Report on:(a) nitrogen critical load exceedance on tree defoliation(ii) impact of air pollution and climate change on forest growth(iii) impact of nitrogen deposition on tree diseases(iv) nitrogen deposition and nitrate leaching into the groundwater.
European biodiversity indicators of the EU project"Streamlining European biodiversity indicators for 2010"(SEBI 2010) included indicators developed under the Working Group of Effects,in particular critical load exceedance.
Cooperation at the national and European levels explored improved relationships between critical load exceedance, N impacts and objectives set according to the EU Habitats Directive and comparable national legislation.
Some members of the Expert Group commented that uncertainties in critical loads and deposition maps would need to be considered in order toinform future policy discussions on whether to use critical load exceedance in integrated assessment modelling.
Would explore possible ways to start quantifying the"amount of critical load exceedance" in terms of"risks of effects on biodiversity'", i.e. to calculate the percentage of(protected) habitat types where critical loads are exceeded.
Mr. Gregor informed the Working Group on relevant activities carried out by the Working Group on Effects,drawing attention to progress in the development of critical load exceedance maps, the draft report on health risks of PM and the inclusion of PM by ICP Materials in response functions for corrosion.
It recommended, inter alia, to apply,in addition to critical load exceedance, dynamic models and current exceedance of critical limits for further policy evaluation, and that simple dynamic models be used for mapping at national and European scales.
The Working Group reviewed the work of the ICP on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests(ICP Forests),in particular on the relationship between critical load exceedance for eutrophication and defoliation, and took note of the summary report on the results of monitoring forest conditions in Europe ECE/EB. AIR/WG.1/2008/6.
Clear relationships between several of those impact indicators and critical load exceedance were observed for 2007, e.g., between measured acid neutralizing capacity(ANC) concentrations and the exceedance of the critical loads of acidity and between nitrate concentrations and the exceedance of the critical loads for nutrient N. That increased confidence in the regional scale critical loads mapping approach.
A preliminary exercise was conducted to develop a likelihood-based approach to assess nitrogen critical load exceedance for ecosystems across Europe which takes account of the uncertainties in both empirical critical load values and deposition rates.
Mr. Lorenz described the deposition ofnitrogen compounds in Europe, and the relationship found between critical load exceedance for eutrophication and defoliation at selected level II sites. He noted that time delays could occur between exceedance and observed effects.
Collect, assess and carry out integrated evaluation of:(a) comprehensive andcomparable data on nitrogen deposition and/or critical load exceedance on tree defoliation;(b) impact of air pollution and climate change on forest growth;(c) impact of nitrogen deposition on tree nutrition and nutrient cycling;(d) nitrogen deposition and nitrate leaching into groundwater.
Critical loads exceedances are falling and are predicted to fall further in the future.