Примеры использования Disjoint union на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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A 0-handle is just a ball, andthe attaching map is disjoint union.
The medial graph of a disconnected graph is the disjoint union of the medial graphs of each connected component.
Addition of cardinal numbers, however,is a commutative operation closely related to the disjoint union operation.
Additionally, a disjoint union of two graphs that have covers will also have a cover, formed as the disjoint union of the covering graphs.
A linear forest is a kind of forest formed from the disjoint union of path graphs.
A circular order on the disjoint union L1∪ L2∪{-∞,∞} is defined by∞< L1<-∞< L2<∞, where the induced ordering on L1 is the opposite of its original ordering.
When Δ 2, the graph G must be a disjoint union of paths and cycles.
That is, the family of cographs is the smallest class of graphs that includes K1 andis closed under complementation and disjoint union.
This applies only to connected graphs;disconnected counterexamples include disjoint unions of odd cycles, or of copies of K2k+1.
In graph theory, a cograph, or complement-reducible graph, or P4-free graph,is a graph that can be generated from the single-vertex graph K1 by complementation and disjoint union.
The dual notion of a colimit generalizes constructions such as disjoint unions, direct sums, coproducts, pushouts and direct limits.
A choice of Borel subgroup determines a set of positive roots Φ+⊂ Φ,with the property that Φ is the disjoint union of Φ+ and-Φ.
The tangent bundle comes equipped with a natural topology(not the disjoint union topology) and smooth structure so as to make it into a manifold in its own right.
Specifically, such a sequence can begin by forming each of the independent sets of the Turán graph as a disjoint union of isolated vertices.
In category theory, disjoint union is seen as a particular case of the coproduct operation, and general coproducts are perhaps the most abstract of all the generalizations of addition.
Here, a linear forest is an acyclic graph with maximum degree two, i.e., a disjoint union of path graphs.
These operations correspond, in the underlying forest, to forming a new forest by the disjoint union of two smaller forests and forming a tree by connecting a new root node to the roots of all the trees in a forest.
A graph with exactly 3n/3 maximal independent sets is easy to construct:simply take the disjoint union of n/3 triangle graphs.
Alternatively, Qn may be constructed from the disjoint union of two hypercubes Qn- 1, by adding an edge from each vertex in one copy of Qn- 1 to the corresponding vertex in the other copy, as shown in the figure.
Here, A∪ B is the union of A and B. An alternate version of this definition allows A andB to possibly overlap and then takes their disjoint union, a mechanism that allows common elements to be separated out and therefore counted twice.
The source merge S M(X, Y) of two TTGs X andY is a TTG created from the disjoint union of graphs X and Y by merging the source of X with the source of Y. The source and sink of X become the source and sink of P respectively.
Any other graph G is an apex graph if and only if none of the forbidden minors is a minor of G. These forbidden minors include the seven graphs of the Petersen family,three disconnected graphs formed from the disjoint unions of two of K5 and K3,3, and many other graphs.
The assumption that H is connected is necessary here, because a disjoint union of projective-planar graphs may not itself be projective-planar but will still have a planar cover, the disjoint union of the orientable double covers.
As well as being related to the maximum degree and maximum matching number of a graph, the chromatic index is closely related to the linear arboricity la(G) of a graph G,the minimum number of linear forests(disjoint unions of paths) into which the graph's edges may be partitioned.
The series composition Sc Sc(X, Y) of two TTGs X and Y is a TTG created from the disjoint union of graphs X and Y by merging the sink of X with the source of Y. The source of X becomes the source of Sc and the sink of Y becomes the sink of Sc.
The graphs with Colin de Verdière graph invariant at most μ, for any fixed constant μ, form a minor-closed family, andthe first few of these are well-known: the graphs with μ≤ 1 are the linear forests(disjoint unions of paths), the graphs with μ≤ 2 are the outerplanar graphs, and the graphs with μ≤ 3 are the planar graphs.
The parallel composition Pc Pc(X, Y) of two TTGs X and Y is a TTG created from the disjoint union of graphs X and Y by merging the sources of X and Y to create the source of Pc and merging the sinks of X and Y to create the sink of Pc.
However, Imrich& Klavžar(2000) describe a disconnected graph that can be expressed in two different ways as a Cartesian product of prime graphs:(K1+ K2+ K22)◻{\displaystyle\square}(K1+ K23)(K1+ K22+ K24)◻{\displaystyle\square}(K1+ K2),where the plus sign denotes disjoint union and the superscripts denote exponentiation over Cartesian products.
They are the graphs that can be formed, starting from one-vertex graphs,by two operations: disjoint union of two smaller trivially perfect graphs, and the addition of a new vertex adjacent to all the vertices of a smaller trivially perfect graph.
Some authors exclude graphs which satisfy the definition trivially,namely those graphs which are the disjoint union of one or more equal-sized complete graphs, and their complements, the Turán graphs.