Примеры использования Return to capital на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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Return to capital.
Return to capital was for the purposes of this paper defined as net operating surplus.
The cost of capital equals the sum of depreciation, return to capital and capital gains.
With regard to the return to capital and exogenously or endogenously determined rate can be used.
Valuation of output for own final use by households and corporations to include a return to capital.
Neither a return to capital on these assets or, equivalently, an opportunity cost of capital is recognized.
The value of capital services provided by fixed assets is equal to the consumption of fixed and a return to capital.
Despite these difficulties, Greece was able to return to capital markets in the second quarter of 2014 with a limited sale of sovereign bonds.
The resource rent is calculated using international commodity prices, andcosts incurred by mining companies- including a return to capital.
The 1993 SNA did not include the return to capital in estimating the output of goods and services produced for own final use by households and corporations when these were estimated as the sum of costs.
To some extent other influences were also responsible, such as the increase in the technology-intensity of production, and the rise in the rate of return to capital.
Should this be changed to include a return to capital as well, and, if so, should this apply to all government owned assets or just some of them, such as office equipment?
The value of output of goods and services produced by households and corporations for own final use, when estimated on cost basis,includes a return to capital?
They may be estimated as the sum ofconsumption of fixed capital, expected real holding gains/losses and a return to capital, similar in value to the cost of interest on the remaining value of the asset.
For many reasons, results are not identical butthe general evidence appears to be one of robustness of capital service measures with regard to the specifications for the return to capital.
Attention is paid to how the return to capital is measured, and the literature has suggested ex-post calculations based on observed measures of property income in the national accounts as well as ex-ante calculations based on information from financial markets.
The cost of capital(or capital output price as it is written in eq. 5)equals the sum of depreciation, return to capital and capital gains.
It is true that there is some evidence indicating that price-cost ratios,taken as an index of gross return to capital, are positively correlated with market shares of individual firms and industrial sector concentration ratios in several developing countries, but it is not clear whether this is due to relative efficiency or lack of competition.
The chart indicates that approximately a quarter andtwo thirds of the total GDP was realized through remuneration of employees and gross return to capital/remuneration of the owners of capital respectively.
Illustrates the production accounts of the manufacturing andwholesale establishments in country A and a further break down of the components of value added of the principal that represents the return to labour in the form of compensation of employees and the return to capital.
Iii A third explanation attributes the process to an initially unequal distribution of assets, which contributes to rising inequality, as those with moreassets also accumulate more; but, eventually, the rate of return to capital falls and the unequalizing effect of capital is offset by an equalizing effect arising from labour incomes.
Table 3 illustrates the production accounts of the manufacturing andwholesale establishments in country A and a further break down of the components of value added of the principal that represents the return to labour in the form of compensation of employees and the return to capital.
The 1993 SNA Rev. 1 recommends that when summing costs to measure the output of market producers the value of capital services should include a return to capital, but when measuring the output of non-market producers the return to capital is set to zero, and the value of capital services is equal to the consumption of fixed capital. .
The periodic user costs of capital include the depreciation of fixed assets,possible holding gains or losses, a return to capital and specific taxes levied on asset ownership.
The 2008 SNA recommends that when estimating the value of the output of goods and services produced by households andcorporations for own final use to include a return to capital as part of the sum of costs for estimating output.
Returns to capital and labor used in sector-wide production activities and the off-farm income earned by farm people were allocated to institutions, businesses, and households without regard to ownership and employment of resources.
By 1986, when ERS stopped estimating income for operator households by summing the returns to capital and labor earned by owners of farm assets and the off-farm income earned by farm households, the operating and financial structure of farms and the households that controlled them had changed dramatically.
Could it be that the negative consequences of rapid population growth associated with diminishing returns to capital and the environment are emerging as relatively more important than, say, the positive impacts of scale, or induced innovation/technical change, and/or attenuating feedbacks?
The market-oriented reform agenda was based on the expectation that reduced market interventions by Governments and an unleashing of market forces would lead to a more efficient allocation of resources, which in turn would accelerate growth, andraise wages and higher returns to capital.