Примеры использования To eco-labelling на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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Producers' response to eco-labelling 33- 35.
There was growing insistence on compliance with the ISO 9000 and ISO 14001 standards,as well as on conditions related to eco-labelling.
The question is then whether, in addition to the manufacturers of the product categories subject to eco-labelling, the principal suppliers of materials should also be involved in the process of establishing criteria.
Trade unionists have undertaken a spectrum of activities ranging from harmonization and standard-setting to eco-labelling.
The point is made that full transparency would imply that in addition to the manufacturers of products subject to eco-labelling the suppliers of materials also be involved in the process of establishing criteria.
More work would be needed on tools such as mutual recognition andequivalency as well as on market responses to eco-labelling.
The Working Group might wish to make suggestions to eco-labelling agencies and governments, as well as to the Working Group of the International Organization for Standardization(ISO), which was preparing guiding principles.
However, small andmedium-sized firms tend to have more difficulties in obtaining information and in adjusting to eco-labelling criteria.
The need to strengthen transparency andinternational cooperation with respect to eco-labelling and certain packaging and recycling requirements in order to avoid potentially adverse effects on the efforts of developing countries;
Funding of policy-oriented research on the impacts of environmental concerns on market access, with special reference to eco-labelling.
With regard to eco-labelling, in the case of the German Blue Angel programme, it has been reported that a few years after the introduction of eco-labels for oil and gas heating appliances, emissions of sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides were reduced by more than 30 per cent and that the energy efficiency of these appliances had improved significantly.
The discussions in the AHWG could help to develop these concepts as they would apply to eco-labelling and give guidance on how they may be applied.
The importance of eco-labels in the marketplace varies considerably from product to product anddepends on factors such as consumer concerns about specific environmental problems as well as producer responsiveness to eco-labelling.A.
In January 2009, the Assembly of the Permanent Commission for the South Pacific adopted resolutions on(a) the protection of the marine environment,including in relation to eco-labelling of fish products,(b) development of a regional project for the conservation and management of sharks for Latin America and the Caribbean and(c) climate change and its impact on the coastal region of the south-east Pacific.
UNEP is convening a series of technical meetings on trade and environment issues, covering, inter alia, environmental reviews of trade policy, dispute avoidance regimes, international environmental agreements and trade policy, andstandards equivalency in relationship to eco-labelling.
Other areas of UNEP's work of relevance to eco-labelling include ongoing work on life cycle assessment methodologies; the establishment of criteria for the design of products compatible with sustainable development; sector-specific guidelines for environmental auditing and environmental impact assessment; and criteria and technical assistance related to cleaner production.
With respect to eco-labelling, the Commission on Sustainable Development is invited to encourage UNCTAD, UNEP, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization(UNIDO), WTO, FAO and the World Health Organization(WHO) to collaborate in the design of eco-labelling programmes for various products that could effectively stimulate trade within the context of sustainable development.
With respect to eco-labelling and environment-friendly products, the Commission invites multilateral and bilateral development institutions to provide technical assistance, as appropriate, to developing countries and countries with economies in transition in order to facilitate their participation in international work on eco-labelling and environment-friendly products carried out by ISO and other relevant international organizations.
In particular, a proposal was made by a member country to clarify that the Agreement covers all forms of labelling, including eco-labelling, and to suggest that eco-labelling based on life-cycle analysis(LCA) should be developed according to multilateral agreed guidelines.
International guidelines would also provide guidance to countries wishing to develop eco-labelling programmes.
Developing country producers may have to incur large capital costs to adjust to the eco-labelling requirements, and the required technology may not be available.
The newly created WTO Committee on Trade andEnvironment will continue to examine eco-labelling.
In order to promote eco-labelling as an instrument towards sustainable consumption patterns, the following recommendations are made.
The need for mutual recognition in order to render eco-labelling more effective, in particular for developing countries;
Legislative measures have been taken to introduce eco-labelling in several EECCA countries as well e.g. Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine.
Delegations stressed that there was a need to make eco-labelling more sensitive to differing environmental and developmental conditions in different countries.
Experience shows that it may be difficult to implement eco-labelling programmes which are successful in terms of producers' response.
Governments and environmental groups tend to support eco-labelling schemes as they set incentives for producers to improve the environmental qualities of their products.
Adjustments in order to comply with eco-labelling requirements could result in significant increases in both fixed and operating costs.