Приклади вживання Number of photons Англійська мовою та їх переклад на Українською
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The number of photons incident per unit time per unit area:.
Normally, light is formed from a large number of photons.
The average number of photons in that state can be calculated as below.
If these intensities are known precisely, then the number of photons is indeterminate.
The number of photons per unit volume(concentration of photons). .
LEDs are specially constructed to release a large number of photons outward.
And the number of photons is determined by the light flux Ф, falling to the cathode.
From the corpuscular standpoint,the intensity of the light is proportional to the number of photons.
This number of photons can be enormous, so it is reported as microMol per square meter per second(µmol·m²·sec.).
Since we're talking about such a small number of photons, the team needed to generate the most signal possible.
When the transition to quantum theory is made, E andH become operators that do not commute with the operator of the number of photons in the field.
The method tested by Karimi and his team can reduce the number of photons required to transmit a message by 50 percent, according to the study.
Hence it follows that no state of anelectromagnetic field exists in which both the field intensity and the number of photons would be exactly defined.
If the number of photons is known precisely by virtue of physical conditions, then the field intensities must be completely indeterminate(capable of assuming any values).
There are many other refinements that can be made to the algorithm: for example, choosing the number of photons to send, and where and in what pattern to send them.
This limit arises out of the Standard Model of the early universe, which has one free parameter--theratio of the number of baryons to the number of photons.
We experimented with laser pulses of different durations that delivered the same total number of photons, and we found that the shorter the pulse, the more likely it was a person could see it.
According to quantum electrodynamics, within the field of the nucleus there is a definite probability of the quantum transition of the electron to a state of lower energy with the emission of, generally,a single photon(the probability of the emission of a greater number of photons is low).
The end result of asequence of such transitions is the formation of a state in which the number of photons is equal to zero, and further emission of energy by the field becomes impossible.
While a PAR meter reports the number of photons falling upon a surface in one second, a DLI calculates the total number of photons falling upon that surface during the entire photoperiod.
In the new work, Hawking suggests that to write about the change in thisentropy would remain in the form of a huge number of photons on the edge of the event horizon of a black hole and have almost zero energy.
The quantity Ak= 1/τ2, which defines the average number of photons emitted by a single particle(an atom or molecule) per second(τk is expressed in seconds) is called the probability of spontaneous emission from the level εk.
Since the energy level of a photon is not important in photosynthesis(a blue photon promotes photosynthesis as well as a red one once it is absorbed by photopigments such as chlorophyll)quantum meter reports the number of photons across a bandwidth of about 400 nanometers to 700 nanometers(a nanometer is one-billionth of a meter) without regard to their energy levels.
For the purposes of this article, we are most concerned with the number of photons(light intensity- PPFD or PAR) that exceeds the Compensation Point, meets and exceeds the Saturation Point and how Dynamic Photoinhibition affects the rate of photosynthesis.
Thus, the impossibility of simultaneously making the field intensities and the number of photons equal to zero is the physical reason why the vacuum state is not simply the absence of a field but retains important physical properties.
He treated the interaction between a charge and an electromagnetic field as a small perturbation that induces transitions in the photon states,changing the numbers of photons in the modes, while conserving energy and momentum overall.
Then A wouldonly see a finite total of photons form B(but now a larger number--- covering more of B's time).
And because of the special quantum properties of photons, there's a very small number of possible new particles-- these mythical bicycles-- that can give birth to only two photons.
Attenuation is the process by which the number of particles or photons entering a body of matter is reduced by absorption and scattering.
This meter reports the number of light particles(photons) falling upon a given surface area(usually one square meter.).