Examples of using Export-processing zones in English and their translations into Arabic
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She remained concerned, however, at the situation of women employees in the export-processing zones.
In the past years, export-processing zones have also attracted a high percentage of female labour in LDCs.
In East and South-East Asia,women constitute 80 per cent of the workforce in the export-processing zones.
These include policies to foster export-processing zones, industrial parks or any form of pioneer industries.
(b) To develop guidelines for employers which elaborate their responsibilities in maintaining a safe place and system of work,particularly those which relate to export-processing zones.
Employment in export-processing zones and other special zones in developing countries/territories, 1990(or latest available year) 27.
See United States Department of Commerce, Workers 'Rights in Export-processing Zones(Washington, D.C., Department of Labour, 1989-90).
Table 11. Employment in export-processing zones and other special zones in developing countries/ territories, 1990(or latest available year).
Ms. Balderamos García(Belize)said that, in fact, few women were employed in the export-processing zones, which currently functioned mainly as free trade areas.
Young women on average make up around 70 per cent or more of these zones ' employees,although their proportion has begun to fall in a number of export-processing zones.
Finally, it should be kept in mind that export-processing zones represent job opportunities, however meagre, for persons with no better options.
Subsidized infrastructure andservices are often provided for enterprises investing in export-processing zones, enterprise zones or science parks.
A/ There are no geographically demarcated export-processing zones, but industrial areas in which a number of exporting enterprises enjoy conditions similar to those generally granted in the zones. .
However, they expressed concern at what appeared to be excessive emphasis ondirecting female employment towards industrial occupations in export-processing zones and in the private sector.
It was expected that structural reforms, privatization, and export-processing zones would lead to increased investment on the continent by both national and foreign entrepreneurs.
This and the experiences of a number of other Africancountries suggest that factors other than those operating within export-processing zones themselves can limit their incentive effects.
At present, nearly 200 export-processing zones in approximately 60 developing countries provide about 4 million direct jobs; additional export-processing zones are planned for at least 20 more countries.
Since 1986, economic growth,a macro-economic shift and the development of concentrated industrial and export-processing zones have brought about many employment opportunities for female labour.
Besides tax and duty concessions, many African countries have tried to attract TNCs through generousincentives given to foreign affiliates established in export-processing zones.
Additional sources of competitiveness- skills and infrastructure-must be found and export-processing zones have to evolve to continue performing as relevant platforms for FDI attraction.
The Committee noted with concern these discriminatory practices and requested the Government to take the necessary measures to investigate andeffectively address the issue of discrimination against women in export-processing zones.
This type of investment is actively sought by a number of countries establishing export-processing zones or trying to use their privileged access to the large markets of the European Union or South Africa.
One is the development of mass production facilities where low-paid unskilled workers engage in repetitive tasks at high speed in traditional plantations, or in manufacturing industries producing clothing, shoes or established electronic products,as in the maquiladoras in Mexico or in most Asian export-processing zones.
(d) Special economic zones, mainly export-processing zones, industrial districts and science parks, have proliferated around the world: there are more than 800. How effective are they in attracting FDI?
The Committee noted the Government ' s indication that it had noinformation on systematic discriminatory practices against women in export-processing zones or on complaints of discrimination based on sex in export-processing enterprises.
Ms. Catzim(Belize) said that companies established in export-processing zones were not exempt from labour law. The problem lay in enforcement. Companies that violated labour law could lose their right to operate within the zones, as had occurred in the Women Workers ' Union dispute.
In its observation in 2010, the Committee recalled its previous requests to the Government to provideinformation on the mechanisms to monitor discrimination in practice in export-processing zones, as well as on the complaints of discrimination based on sex presented to local and federal conciliation and arbitration boards or to tribunals.
Research on the gender aspects of poverty has increased,including on the situation of women in export-processing zones, women entrepreneurs and women agricultural producers. Women ' s and men ' s differential access to social security benefits and the unequal sharing of unpaid work, including caregiving, has also been investigated.
In this context, a positive assessment should be given to the efforts made by numerous African countries to introduce accelerated procedures for the registration of investment applications- one-stop institutions-and to the expansion of the establishment of export-processing zones offering special concessional packages of services for the generation of income in the production and trade sectors.
The potential for these varies from country to country andappropriate promotional packages need to be developed involving measures like export-processing zones," build-operate-transfer"(BOT) schemes for infrastructure, debt-for-equity swaps, liberalization of rules on portfolio investment, schemes to reattract" flight capital", and so forth.