Examples of using Export-processing in English and their translations into Arabic
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It can facilitate immensely activities such as export-processing, offshore financial services and tourism.
Employment in export-processing zones and other special zones in developing countries/territories, 1990(or latest available year) 27.
Large, well-established TNCs havebeen the primary targets of promotion efforts by export-processing zone authorities.
Table 11. Employment in export-processing zones and other special zones in developing countries/ territories, 1990(or latest available year).
Subsidized infrastructure andservices are often provided for enterprises investing in export-processing zones, enterprise zones or science parks.
People also translate
Finally, it should be kept in mind that export-processing zones represent job opportunities, however meagre, for persons with no better options.
Young women on average make up around 70 per cent or more of these zones ' employees,although their proportion has begun to fall in a number of export-processing zones.
An example is Digiport, an export-processing zone dedicated to service industries, which offered women well-paid clerical jobs in the data entry industry.
Ms. Balderamos García(Belize)said that, in fact, few women were employed in the export-processing zones, which currently functioned mainly as free trade areas.
Besides tax and duty concessions, many African countries have tried to attract TNCs through generousincentives given to foreign affiliates established in export-processing zones.
It was expected that structural reforms, privatization, and export-processing zones would lead to increased investment on the continent by both national and foreign entrepreneurs.
However, they expressed concern at what appeared to be excessive emphasis ondirecting female employment towards industrial occupations in export-processing zones and in the private sector.
This type of investment isactively sought by a number of countries establishing export-processing zones or trying to use their privileged access to the large markets of the European Union or South Africa.
The Committee noted with concern these discriminatory practices and requested the Government to takethe necessary measures to investigate and effectively address the issue of discrimination against women in export-processing zones.
With regard to article 11,she noted with satisfaction that the labour laws applied by the Government in the export-processing zone were very similar to those applied in the private sector.
At present, nearly 200 export-processing zones in approximately 60 developing countries provide about 4 million direct jobs; additional export-processing zones are planned for at least 20 more countries.
This and the experiences of a number of other Africancountries suggest that factors other than those operating within export-processing zones themselves can limit their incentive effects.
(d) Special economic zones, mainly export-processing zones, industrial districts and science parks, have proliferated around the world: there are more than 800. How effective are they in attracting FDI?
CNDH recommends that Togo take the necessarymeasures to harmonize the legal framework for labour in the export-processing zone with current national legislation.
Ms. Catzim(Belize) said that companies established in export-processing zones were not exempt from labour law. The problem lay in enforcement. Companies that violated labour law could lose their right to operate within the zones, as had occurred in the Women Workers ' Union dispute.
The surge in foreign direct investment taking advantage of United Stateslegislation that offers tax incentives for the use of export-processing zones for materials originating in the United States has continued.
The international division of labour that a simple integration strategy engenders probably does not displace existing local capacity(a negative indirect effect), but the degree to which indirect jobs are created by the affiliate ' s presence could be relatively substantial orquite minimal(as is frequently the case in export-processing zones).
The Committee noted the Government ' s indication that it had no information on systematic discriminatory practices against women in export-processing zones or on complaints of discrimination based on sex in export-processing enterprises.
Many projects are planned and some have commenced in construction, industrial zones and tourism; new ventures are contemplated in electricity generation,telecommunications and construction and management of export-processing zones.
Much of the investment in export-processing zones and labour-intensive industries has been in response to simple integration strategies, driven by cost-price competition and, more importantly, the removal of trade(and FDI) barriers in an increasing number of countries and technological advances that permit quick changes in product specifications in response to changes in demand.
The patterns of rural-to-urban migration observed in each of these regions are consistent with regional trends in economic development with respect to trade orientation,the inflow of foreign direct investment and the type of employment in export-processing industries.
In this context, a positive assessment should be given to the efforts made by numerous African countries to introduce accelerated procedures for the registration of investment applications- one-stop institutions-and to the expansion of the establishment of export-processing zones offering special concessional packages of services for the generation of income in the production and trade sectors.
One is the development of mass production facilities where low-paid unskilled workers engage in repetitive tasks at high speed in traditional plantations, or in manufacturing industries producing clothing, shoes or established electronic products,as in the maquiladoras in Mexico or in most Asian export-processing zones.
The Committee also recalled the information supplied by the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions(ICFTU) indicating that discrimination against women in employment was common in Guatemala,particularly in the export-processing sector, where working conditions are very poor.
Free Trade Zones and Licensed Manufacturing Warehouses, in particular, were crucial in the exports of manufactured goods, although their relative importance hasdeclined since the late 1980s as tariffs facing most export-processing industries in the principal customs area have declined.