Examples of using Intermediate inputs in English and their translations into Arabic
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Colloquial
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Political
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Ecclesiastic
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Ecclesiastic
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Computer
Services are important as intermediate inputs as well as exported products.
To the greatest extent possible,Governments should focus on the final outcomes of programmes rather than intermediate inputs.
OECD estimates that intermediate inputs represent 73 per cent of global services trade.
GSP offers opportunities for lower tariff imports of intermediate inputs in some major markets.
Estimates suggest that as intermediate inputs these services represent 73 per cent of the global services trade.
It will also create additional employment in existing urbanareas through increased demand for simple tools, intermediate inputs and transportation facilities.
Infrastructure services are intermediate inputs into production processes, as they impact the productivity of other factors of production.
Cost minimization strategies resulted in production using intermediate inputs originating from several countries.
He hoped that UNIDO would continue to recognize the special needs of SMEs, taking into account their heavy reliance on trading or distributionintermediaries for product development, marketing, raw materials, intermediate inputs and working capital.
Moreover, raw materials and other intermediate inputs are up to 30 per cent more expensive than international prices, according to one study.
High transport costs on imports inflate the prices of importedgoods, including food, capital goods, intermediate inputs and fuel, increasing the cost of domestic production.
For this purpose, consumers include business users of intermediate inputs, whose product quality and cost structure are improved by competition among their suppliers and Governments undertaking public procurement.
During the 1980s and 1990s, an increasing number of countries entered intoglobal export markets, typically producing intermediate inputs or performing assembly operations in global value chains.
The TPP could help change this by easing trade in intermediate inputs and helping build Pacific-wide value chains. Particularly valuable would be straightening out the spaghetti bowl of“rules of origin”- the regulations dictating when inputs produced in other countries can be used in products that will qualify for free-trade benefits.
Exclusive dealers and sole importers are also commonplace in IDCs for many categories of goods such as vehicles,electronics and intermediate inputs that are used in the local production of goods or services.
According to OECD and the World Trade Organization,the fact that exports increasingly embody intermediate inputs sourced from abroad renders it difficult to identify the real contribution that a given export may make to an economy ' s material well-being, whether in terms of income or of employment.
It is necessary to foster greater trade openness, as increased trade can help to boost industrial diversification,including through access to imported technologies, intermediate inputs, and access to global and regional markets.
The other half include mainly fuels, minerals,wood, other basic commodities and intermediate inputs required by industry, as well as certain tropical and fishery products of substantial export interest to a wide range of developing countries.
The high transport cost of landlocked developing countries imports inflate the prices not only of consumer goods but also of fuel,capital goods and intermediate inputs, thereby increasing the cost of domestic agricultural and industrial production.
Second, because most exporters also import intermediate inputs that are priced in dollars, exchange-rate fluctuations have a limited impact on their costs and thus on their incentive to change dollar prices. And, third, exporters who wish to preserve their share in world markets- where prices are largely denominated in dollars- choose to keep their dollar prices stable, to avoid falling victim to idiosyncratic exchange-rate movements.
Trade can help boost industrial development,both through access to imported technologies and intermediate inputs and through the scale and learning economies of access to global and regional markets.
The high transport cost of landlocked developing countries ' imports inflate the prices not only of consumer goods but also of fuel,capital goods and intermediate inputs, thereby increasing the cost of domestic agricultural and industrial production.
The secretariat highlighted the potential for the further liberalization of South-South trade and the reduction of tariffs on intermediate inputs, the need to properly address non-tariff measures, the need for a sound business environment and an effective government to establish the enabling environment to make domestic firms more attractive to global networks, the necessity for human capital development, and the relevance of transport and trade facilitation to GSCs.
Deliberate, as opposed to haphazard, import liberalization to build competitiveexport capability in order to take advantage of intermediate inputs and technology from global production chains has been a component of successful trade policies.
The high transport costs of LLDCs ' imports inflate the prices not only of consumer goods butalso of capital goods and intermediate inputs such as yarn, thereby increasing the cost of domestic agricultural and industrial production(as does import protection unless duty drawback or waiver schemes are in operation).
This makes prices more flexible and closer to costs, promotes efficient resource allocation throughout the economy, brings about a greater variety of cheaper or better quality goods andservices for consumers(this includes intermediate inputs for user industries, making them more competitive), encourages technological innovation, and pushes firms and industries to become more efficient and more competitive in international trade.
For example, China- which was the archetype of an economy that was well integrated into GSCs- imported raw materials, equipment,and other intermediate inputs, and then exported 37 per cent of its output to the world market(in 2006), which was huge when compared to the figures for the United States(8 per cent) or India(13 per cent).
Indeed, different trade policy measures could be used to mainstream gender in international trade, including(a) trade liberalization agreements;(b) unilateral liberalization- for example,unilateral reduction of tariffs on intermediate inputs into productive sectors with high female employment;(c) tax incentives in favour of women-owned enterprises for encouraging exports; and(d) the build-up of trade-related infrastructure to enhance the links between women entrepreneurs and domestic and international markets(UNCTAD, 2008b).
Furthermore, some intermediate input production in services in non-tradable industries(e.g. computer programming in banking) may be tradable even if the industry is not.
Moreover, the quality of Chinese-manufactured products continues to lag behind that of developed countries' manufactured goods.Whereas one unit of intermediate input in developed countries typically generates one unit or more of added value, in China the ratio is only 0.56.