Examples of using Supergravity in English and their translations into Indonesian
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Ecclesiastic
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Ecclesiastic
Supergravity and gravitational anomaly.
Hey, forget about me, forget about my supergravity theory.
It means that supergravity has a very special structure,” Bern said.
The gravitino(spin-3⁄2) is the superpartner of the graviton boson in supergravity theories.
The highest symmetry that supergravity could include was called O(8).
Many different approaches along these lines have been tried, with names such as twistor theory,noncommutative geometry and supergravity.
Be advised that the sections on supergravity and supersymmetry at the end are outdated.
For the latest wager with Stelle,Bern and his collaborators will subject N= 8 supergravity to an unprecedented test.
Not so with supergravity, which places an upper limit of 11 on the dimensions of space-time.
The harmonious interplay between the particles in N= 8 supergravity would go beyond what physicists understand.
Their theory on supergravity helped explain how particles interact with one another, gravity and other forces.
This cripples physicists' efforts to directly calculate the detailed quantum properties of blackholes, even those in the highly symmetric world governed by N= 8 supergravity.
Most physicists believed, nonetheless, that supergravity was probably the right answer to the problem of unifying gravity with the other forces.
Because physicists have an operable quantum theory that describes gluons, called quantum chromodynamics,the double-copy property suggests that supergravity(or a related theory) might work, too.
Supergravity, developed in the 1970s, has long been assumed to suffer from the infinity problem, which would indicate that the theory is mathematically flawed.
Their first attempt developed into what was called supergravity, but due to a multitude of inconsistencies and unconfirmed predictions, it had to be discarded.
Their methods are not only of interest for experiments such as the LHC,but also for testing the mathematical consistency of theories such as supergravity, which is a candidate quantum field theory of gravity.
In string theory and related theories such as supergravity theories, a brane is a physical object that generalizes the notion of a point particle to higher dimensions.
In the mid-2000s, Bern, Dixon, Kosower andother collaborators also began applying the techniques to the much more theoretical- and formidable- supergravity calculations that were abandoned decades ago.
But now,Bern is betting big on a once sidelined theory called supergravity, which posits the existence of new gravity-related particles that mirror gravitons' effects.
However, in work that appeared in Physical Review Letters in December, Bern's team found“much better than expected behavior” of anothervariant of the theory called N= 4 supergravity, and that result has changed the odds.
Bern and his colleagues do not use the amplituhedron in their supergravity calculations, but“we're definitely thinking about how to import the ideas they have, and vice versa,” he said.
Many particle physicists think these missing factors would be part of string theory,an even more elaborate theory of nature that encompasses supergravity and says gravitons and all other particles are actually one-dimensional lines, or“strings.”.
In a variant of the theory called N= 8 supergravity, which has eight such doublings, the new mirror-image particles allow physicists to cancel out some of the more troublesome parts of the formulas.
String theorists arenow convinced that the five different string theories and supergravity are just different approximations to a more fundamental theory, each valid in different situations.
The most powerful shortcut for completing the supergravity calculations emerged from the discovery by Bern, Carrasco, and Henrik Johansson of CERN Laboratory that gravitons behave like two copies of gluons, the carriers of the strong nuclear force, which“glues” quarks together inside atomic nuclei.
This“double copy” relationship between gravitons andgluons has shown up in every variant of supergravity the researchers have studied, and they expect it to hold in the correct theory of quantum gravity, too, regardless ofwhether supersymmetry exists in nature.
In 1978 Eugene Creamer, Bernard Julia andJoel Scherk of the tcole Normale Sup6rieure in Paris realized that supergravity not only permits up to seven extra dimensions but is most elegant when existing in a space-time of 11 dimensions(10 of space and one of time).
If, in the next few months, they get a finite answer forgraviton scattering in 4.8 dimensions, then N= 8 supergravity will look like a viable, calculable theory of quantum gravity more than ever before, motivating particle physicists to try to fine-tune the theory to describe the less symmetric world we live in.