Examples of using Liberalization programmes in English and their translations into Russian
{-}
-
Official
-
Colloquial
Trade liberalization programmes had made it possible to reduce customs duties and eliminate quotas.
One major difficulty was the apparent lack of implementation of the liberalization programmes for various reasons.
Trade liberalization programmes are meant to improve international competitiveness and should be implemented as such.
This in the past has contributed to the reluctance of some countries to implement trade liberalization programmes.
The speed and extent of privatization and liberalization programmes, however, differ considerably among the countries concerned.
Various businesses also provide public services,due in part to privatization and market liberalization programmes.
Trade adjustment and liberalization programmes have had strong short-term impacts in significant sectors of our society.
In fact, preferences were being proposed mainly within the framework of existing subregional and regional trade liberalization programmes and the GSTP.
Economic liberalization programmes without adequate institutional and organizational set-ups have not yielded the desired results in many countries.
Most other African RTAs are in the initial stages of designing, redesigning andapproving internal trade liberalization programmes.
A number of South-South arrangements have accelerated their internal liberalization programmes on trade in goods and embarked on the challenging stage of liberalizing trade in services.
Care should be taken that appropriate rules and the institutions to secure their application accompany privatization and/or liberalization programmes.
Recently, developing countries have reinvigorated their regional liberalization programmes and entered into initiatives aimed at a deep integration agenda including trade in services.
The applied rates were even further reduced in some countries(e.g. Egypt, Pakistan and Sri Lanka)as part of their continuing unilateral liberalization programmes.
The specific needs of net food-importing developing countries should be addressed in trade liberalization programmes and activities in order to ensure the enjoyment of the right to food.
The implementation of preferential trade liberalization programmes of most integration institutions also suffers from a lack of full and effective implementation by members as typified by UMA which designed its programme in 1990/91 but has not yet implemented it.
On the other hand, two schemes are phasing out GSP benefits for most developing countries in the context of their progressing trade liberalization programmes, essentially leaving LDCs as the only beneficiaries.
Recently, developing countries have reinvigorated their regional liberalization programmes, endeavoured to embark on a deep integration agenda, and expanded their outreach on an interregional scale as well.
The sustained advance in integration processes, which entailed more sweeping tariff reductions than those adopted in general trade liberalization programmes, also contributed to a slow-down in domestic prices.
A number of South-South arrangements have accelerated their internal liberalization programmes involving trade in goods and have initiated the challenging process of liberalizing trade in services to complement national capacities and help develop niches of specialization.
In its policy dialogue with SADC countries, IMF has promoted the process of regional market integration by assisting with the design of liberalization programmes for their foreign trade and exchange systems and their domestic financial sectors.
With respect to the ongoing services negotiations, the focus should be on:how to design liberalization programmes that were appropriate and compatible with each country's specific circumstances and development objectives; how to define negotiating objectives to defend the interests of energy services exporters; and how to ensure positive synergies between regional and multilateral negotiations.
One expert explained that APEC has developed a specific approach to regional liberalization of trade and investment which will rely on such methods as advanced implementation of Uruguay Round commitments on an MFN basis andconcerted national liberalization programmes subject to common monitoring.
There was general agreement that there is a need to carefully examine the design of reform and liberalization programmes in the services sector to ensure an appropriate pace, sequencing and content adapted to the level of development of individual countries.
It deserves special mention as most of the integration institutions have established preferential trade liberalization programmes and other trade promotion measures to encourage trade expansion among their members(as discussed in chapter II). While these programmes to some extent have contributed to expanding trade, up to now intra-group trade has not been a major factor in the expansion of intraregional trade.
It identifies issues to be addressed in the course of formulating and implementing liberalization programmes and constraints faced by service suppliers of developing countries in providing competitive shipping services.
Once a liberalization programme has started, there is a need to accompany it with.
In parallel to the MFA liberalization programme, there have been tariff reductions concerning textile products.
In 1994, Colombia broadened its liberalization programme by adopting a goal of upgrading its industries so as to integrate their production within international supply chains.
Foreign direct investment also constituted a means of regenerating economic growth and, in order to facilitate it,Zambia had designed a liberalization programme.