Examples of using Liberalization programmes in English and their translations into Arabic
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Trade liberalization programmes had made it possible to reduce customs duties and eliminate quotas.
Four regions 19 000 Comparative analysis of trade liberalization programmes of selected integration groupings 9 300.
This in the past hascontributed to the reluctance of some countries to implement trade liberalization programmes.
Trade liberalization programmes are meant to improve international competitiveness and should be implemented as such.
The Expert group examined the features that might affect the acceptability of trade liberalization programmes.
In many cases, the trade liberalization programmes have been part of macro-economic stabilization measures.
One major difficulty was the apparent lack of implementation of the liberalization programmes for various reasons.
Some of it is attributed to unsuccessful economic liberalization programmes spearheaded by foreign companies and governments, but other studies have cited bad domestic government policies more than external factors.
Most other African RTAsare in the initial stages of designing, redesigning and approving internal trade liberalization programmes.
The speed and extent of privatization and liberalization programmes, however, differ considerably among the countries concerned.
Both tariff and non-tariff measures that impeded developing countries 'exports needed to be addressed in trade liberalization programmes.
A number of South-South arrangements have accelerated their internal liberalization programmes on trade in goods and embarked on the challenging stage of liberalizing trade in services.
In fact, preferenceswere being proposed mainly within the framework of existing subregional and regional trade liberalization programmes and the GSTP.
Recently, developing countries have reinvigorated their regional liberalization programmes and entered into initiatives aimed at a deep integration agenda including trade in services.
For most of them, the reform process under the Agreement was a continuation of earlier reforms already adoptedunder structural adjustment programmes, regional agreements or unilateral liberalization programmes.
Such an approach will also need to keep in mind that political and economic liberalization programmes have reduced the role of the State, which in the agriculture sector means reductions in the governmental provision of agricultural services.
The sustained advance in integration processes, which entailed more sweepingtariff reductions than those adopted in general trade liberalization programmes, also contributed to a slow-down in domestic prices.
In fact, erosion of labour standards within economic liberalization programmes was condoned and in many cases promoted on the assumption that it would spur economic growth, and that, in turn, would lead to employment creation, as long as labour markets remain flexible.
One expert explained that APEC has developed a specific approach to regional liberalization of trade and investment which will rely on such methods as advanced implementation of Uruguay Round commitments on an MFN basis andconcerted national liberalization programmes subject to common monitoring.
Economic liberalization programmes without adequate institutional and organizational set-ups have not yielded the desired results in many countries. The major purpose of the privatization programmes undertaken by many developing countries- the efficient and productive use of resources- has yet to be fulfilled.
The UNCTAD secretariat has prepared a report entitled" Competitive services in multimodal transport"(TD/B/CN.4/46)which identifies issues to be addressed in the course of formulating and implementing liberalization programmes and constraints faced by multimodal transport service suppliers in providing and using competitive services.
Such measures as price supports and input subsidies for production and income stabilization, price controls on essential food items to limit household expenditures on food, and public food stocks to moderate price volatility, were commonly used in developing countries,but were discontinued under agricultural liberalization programmes since the 1980s.
After South Africa ' s trade liberalization programme, which accelerated in 1994, a more open policy environment sought to encourage exports.
In parallel to the MFA liberalization programme, there have been tariff reductions concerning textile products.
Jordan ' s liberalization programme, which included the lowering of some tariffs, may have contributed to higher import levels.
Once a liberalization programme has started, there is a need to accompany it with.
Given the successful economic liberalization programme and the expected acceleration of privatization, similar performance is projected for 1995.
By the end of 1995, the liberalization programme on which Tunisia embarked in 1987 should result in the lifting of all import restrictions and stimulate efforts towards the diversification of Tunisia ' s output and exports to developing countries.
Lack of sufficient consensus about the need for liberalization or about the speed at which liberalization should take place can result in significant delays in government-sponsored reforms or in imposing an effective veto onparts of a Government ' s liberalization programme.
In the second half of 1993,the Government of the Sudan partly reversed a radical economic liberalization programme introduced in 1992. Controls on prices, banking transactions and external trade were reinstated in response to continued high inflation and shortages of foreign currency.