Examples of using X-ray diffraction in English and their translations into Turkish
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We verified with X-ray diffraction. .
XRF, X-ray diffraction, and the results are very positive so far.
The thesis was on X-ray diffraction images.
This is the method used in the original discovery of X-ray diffraction.
Gosling made the X-ray diffraction image of DNA known as Photograph 51.
I was up all night using the new free-electron laser for my X-ray diffraction experiment.
An intuitive understanding of X-ray diffraction can be obtained from the Bragg model of diffraction. .
X-ray diffraction is a form of elastic scattering; the outgoing X-rays have the same energy, and thus same wavelength, as the incoming X-rays, only with altered direction.
Franklin, working with Gosling, started to apply her expertise in X-ray diffraction techniques to the structure of DNA.
The first X-ray diffraction pictures of the crystallised virus were obtained by Bernal and Fankuchen in 1941.
She became a research associate at King's College London in 1951 andworked on X-ray diffraction studies, which would eventually facilitate the double helix theory of the DNA.
Since the 1920s, X-ray diffraction has been the principal method for determining the arrangement of atoms in minerals and metals.
The standard analysis, involving only Fourier transforms of Bessel functions and DNA molecular models,is still routinely used to analyze A-DNA and Z-DNA X-ray diffraction patterns.
Together they produced the first X-ray diffraction photographs of the"form B" paracrystalline arrays of highly hydrated DNA.
Therefore, neutron scattering is very useful for observing the positions of light atoms with few electrons, especially hydrogen,which is essentially invisible in the X-ray diffraction.
Prior to the first X-ray diffraction experiments, the spacings between lattice planes in a crystal were not known with certainty.
During the next two years,the pair worked closely together to perfect the technique of x-ray diffraction photography of DNA and obtained at the time the sharpest diffraction images of DNA.
Each X-ray diffraction image represents only a slice, a spherical slice of reciprocal space, as may be seen by the Ewald sphere construction.
The oldest andmost precise method of X-ray crystallography is single-crystal X-ray diffraction, in which a beam of X-rays strikes a single crystal, producing scattered beams.
In general, single-crystal X-ray diffraction offers more structural information than these other techniques; however, it requires a sufficiently large and regular crystal, which is not always available.
Industrial applications of materials science include materials design, cost-benefit tradeoffs in industrial production of materials, processing methods(casting, rolling, welding, ion implantation, crystal growth, thin-film deposition, sintering, glassblowing, etc.),and analytic methods characterization methods such as electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, calorimetry, nuclear microscopy(HEFIB), Rutherford backscattering, neutron diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS), etc.
For all above mentioned X-ray diffraction methods, the scattering is elastic; the scattered X-rays have the same wavelength as the incoming X-ray. .
The most known methods used in microanalysis are: Most of the spectroscopy methods: ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray fluorescence also mass spectrometry Most of the chromatography methods: high-performance liquid chromatography, Gel permeation chromatography; Some thermal analysis methods: differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis; Electrophoresis;Field flow fractionation; X-ray diffraction; Combustion analysis.
Their double-helix,molecular model of DNA was then based on one X-ray diffraction image(labeled as"Photo 51") taken by Rosalind Franklin and Raymond Gosling in May 1952, and the information that the DNA bases are paired.
Their corresponding X-ray diffraction& scattering patterns are characteristic of molecular paracrystals with a significant degree of disorder(over 20%), and the structure is not tractable using only the standard analysis.
As a result of a deal struck by the two laboratory directors, articles by Wilkins and Franklin,which included their X-ray diffraction data, were modified and then published second and third in the same issue of Nature, seemingly only in support of the Crick and Watson theoretical paper which proposed a model for the B form of DNA.
In this way, X-ray diffraction and fluorescence; optical absorption and photoluminescence; Mössbauer, Raman and Brillouin scattering; positron annihilation and other signals can be measured from materials under high pressure.
The first published reports of A-DNA X-ray diffraction patterns-and also B-DNA-used analyses based on Patterson transforms that provided only a limited amount of structural information for oriented fibers of DNA.
For single crystals of sufficient purity and regularity, X-ray diffraction data can determine the mean chemical bond lengths and angles to within a few thousandths of an angstrom and to within a few tenths of a degree, respectively.
Mering was an X-ray crystallographer who applied X-ray diffraction to the study of rayon and other amorphous substances, in contrast to the thousands of regular crystals that had been studied by this method for many years.