Примеры использования Fertility reductions на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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Realization of these projections is contingent on the continuation of fertility reductions in the developing world.
During the second, triggered by fertility reductions, the proportion of children begins to decline while the proportions of adults and older persons rise.
The population of many countries, particularly the least developed,is projected to increase markedly in the coming decades even if rapid fertility reductions are achieved.
The remaining world regions have experienced fertility reductions that are neither too fast nor too slow.
However, because fertility reductions in those major areas have been rapid, their populations are expected to age more rapidly than the populations of developed countries.
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The fact that, during the transition, mortality reductions usually precede fertility reductions leads to a period of rapid population growth.
During the second, owing to fertility reductions, there is the beginning of a decline in the proportion of children accompanied by a rise in the proportions of adults of working age.
The newly industrializing countries of Eastern and South-Eastern Asia, in particular,experienced very fast fertility reductions after 1965 and have benefited from vigorous economic growth.
Even with significant fertility reductions, Africa's population will likely increase by 150 per cent by 2100, and many of its countries will see their populations increase four-fold or more.
They thus provide a rationale for addressingcurrent population imbalances and reinforcing policies that foster fertility reductions in countries where fertility is still above replacement level.
It is estimated that the medium-term effects of fertility reductions on economic growth in both developed and developing countries accounted for about 20 per cent of per capita output growth between 1960 and 1995.
Of the developing countries that provided enough data to gauge progress since the 1970s, nearly all showed positive trends anda few achieved outstanding results i.e., mortality and/or fertility reductions by one half or more.
In the majority of the populous developing countries, further fertility reductions would lead to more moderate population increases, as indicated by the results of the medium scenario see table 3.
Contraceptive prevalence is especially low in Eastern Africa, Middle Africa and Western Africa, where fertility remains well above 5 children per woman(see figure III). Indeed, contraceptive prevalence is highly correlated with total fertility andmost countries with increases in contraceptive prevalence have experienced fertility reductions.
Furthermore, those countries that have experienced fairly rapid fertility reductions, particularly in East Asia and the Pacific and Latin America and the Caribbean, will experience a process of population ageing that will be more rapid than that undergone in the past by today's developed countries.
The results of that exercise underscored the importance of reaching replacement-level fertility in all countries of the world in order to avoid unsustainable increases or decreases of the population, providing a rationale for addressing current population imbalances andreinforcing policies that foster fertility reductions in countries where fertility is still above replacement level.
Thus, despite the overall fertility reductions in the world, many countries of the less developed regions still continue to be concerned about increasing population size, whereas countries of the more developed regions have been facing other concerns related to fertility decline, notably an increased ageing population, a shrinking of the labour force and immigration issues.
Given that fertility has declined relatively slowly or has even increased in the 20 countries considered,it is likely that those countries will achieve at best the fertility reductions projected in the medium scenario, and more effective programmes are therefore urgently needed in order to improve reproductive health and expand access to modern contraception together with measures to accelerate the reduction of child mortality and to increase educational attainment, particularly of girls.
Because the factors that have triggered fertility reductions and shaped the ensuing decline are complex and interact both among themselves and with the effects of declining fertility, there is no all-encompassing and unique explanation for why fertility has declined as fast as it has in developing countries nor for why fertility has, in many countries, dropped to levels that are resulting in or will result in population reductions. .
High-fertility countries: Countries that until 2000 had had no fertility reduction or only an incipient decline;
Narrowly focused population policies may prescribe coercive measures to achieve fertility reduction that can have significant implications for women's enjoyment of human rights.
High-fertility countries: Countries that until 2007 had no fertility reduction or only an incipient decline.
Population policies must be broadened from fertility reduction to the realization of women's and girls' human rights and capabilities.
It has also contributed substantially to Sri Lanka's achievements in health, fertility reduction and has contributed towards increasing productivity in various sectors of the economy.
As fertility reduction has proceeded in the 1980s it has become more apparent that certain regions and groups have been left out of this secular trend.
One trend notes that as fertility reduction has proceeded in the 1980s, certain regions and groups have apparently been left out of the secular trend.
However, there is sound evidence thatchanging reproductive norms and contraceptive behaviour through enhanced women's education will lead to fertility reduction in the long run.
Since most national reports focused on policies and programmes aimed at reducing fertility levels,this section concentrates on the factors that have had the greatest impact on fertility reduction, both positive and negative.
Greater availability of family planning information and services, the fact that urban women tend to reach higher levels of education than rural women, and the sometimes attenuated impact of culture and tradition in certain urban areas,all seem to contribute to fertility reduction.
Free education has also contributed substantially to the other achievements of Sri Lanka in health, including fertility reduction and gender empowerment, which in turn has led to increasing productivity in various sectors of the economy.