Приклади вживання External validity Англійська мовою та їх переклад на Українською
{-}
-
Colloquial
-
Ecclesiastic
-
Computer
Internal and external validity of experiments.
What are the threats to internal and external validity?
Neither internal nor external validity are captured in a single experiment.
Through replication,researchers can study a given research question with maximal internal and external validity.[26].
However, many authors conflate external validity and realism.
One aspect of external validity is the setting where an intervention is tested.
Some researchers believe that a good way to increase external validity is by conducting field experiments.
One aspect of external validity is the setting in which an intervention is tested.
When conducting experiments in psychology,some believe that there is always a trade-off between internal and external validity-.
The concepts of internal and external validity were first introduced in Campbell(1957).
External validity: considers whether the results of a particular piece of research can be generalised to other groups.
The concepts of internal and external validity were first introduced by Campbell(1957).
Fortunately, the digital age enables researchers to move beyond these data-free speculations andassess external validity empirically.
In order for a study to have external validity, the results must be applicable to a wide range of people and situations.
However, the very strategies employed to control thesefactors may also limit the generalizability or External Validity of the findings.
It contrasts with external validity, the degree to which it is warranted to generalize results to other contexts.
Thus, external and ecological validity are independent-a study may possess external validity but not ecological validity, and vice versa.
External validity is the degree to which the results of a study hold true in non-study situations, for example, in routine NHS practice.
Other social psychologists prefer external validity to control, conducting most of their research in field studies.
Pearl and Bareinboim classified generalization problems into two categories:(1) those that lend themselves to valid re-calibration, and(2)those where external validity is theoretically impossible.
This reduces the external validity problem to an exercise in graph theory, and has led some philosophers to conclude that the problem is now solved.
Compared to analog age experiments,in digital age experiments it should be easier to address external validity empirically and it should be easier to ensure internal validity. .
The ultimate test of an experiment's external validity is replication- conducting the study over again, generally with different subject populations or in different settings.
Some findings produced in ecologically valid research settings may hardly be generalizable, and some findings produced in highlycontrolled settings may claim near-universal external validity.
Some claim that the external validity of such an experiment is high because it is taking place in the real world, with real people who are more diverse than a typical university student sample.
See Shadish, Cook, and Campbell(2001) for a more detailed history and a careful elaboration of statistical conclusion validity, internal validity, construct validity, and external validity.
First, researchers willbe able to empirically address concerns about external validity when the cost of running experiments is low, and this can occur if the outcome is already being measured by an always-on data system.
Mathematical analysis of external validity concerns a determination of whether generalization across heterogeneous populations is feasible, and devising statistical and computational methods that produce valid generalizations.