Приклади вживання Interchange fees Англійська мовою та їх переклад на Українською
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Interchange fees are set by the payment networks such as Visa and MasterCard.
In the US,card issuers now make over $30 billion annually from interchange fees.
Interchange fees collected by Visa[7] and MasterCard[8] totaled $26 billion in 2004.
The antitrust authorities of EU Member States other than the UnitedKingdom are also investigating MasterCard's and Visa's interchange fees.
In recent years, interchange fees have become a controversial issue, the subject of regulatory and antitrust investigations.
Australia has also made changes to the interchange rates on debit cards,and has considered abolishing interchange fees altogether.
Further complicating the rate schedules, interchange fees are typically a flat fee plus a percentage of the total purchase price(including taxes).
On July 19, 2007 the House Judiciary Committee antitrust task force held thefirst hearing to study the specific issue of interchange fees.
Issuing banks argue that reduced interchange fees would result in increased costs for cardholders, and reduce their ability to satisfy rewards on cards already issued.
For example, on January 4, 2007, the Polish Office of Competition and Consumer Protection fined twenty banks a total of PLN 164 million(about $56 million)for jointly setting MasterCard's and Visa's interchange fees.[30].
A 2010 public policy study conducted by the FederalReserve concluded the reward program aspect of interchange fees results in a non-trivial monetary transfer from low-income to high-income households.
Interchange fees have a complex pricing structure, which is based on the card brand, regions or jurisdictions, the type of credit or debit card, the type and size of the accepting merchant, and the type of transaction(e.g. online, in-store, phone order, whether the card is present for the transaction, etc.).
In December 2013, U.S. District Court Judge John Gleeson approved a settlement for $7.25 billion.[19]The settlement reduces interchange fees for merchants and also protects credit card companies from lawsuits over the issue in the future again.[20].
In March 2015, the European Parliament voted to cap interchange fees to 0.3% for credit cards and to 0.2% for debit cards,[3] which was subsequently enacted under Regulation(EU) 2015/751 with effect from 8 June 2015.[31] The caps apply only to personal cards where there is an intermediary, not to cards issued to businesses or to cards issued by American Express.[32].
Subcommittee chairman John Conyers, leading the panel, said,"While I come into the hearing with an open mind, I do believe the burden of the proof lies with the creditcard companies to reassure Congress that increasing interchange fees are not harming merchants and ultimately consumers."[23].
In 2003, the Reserve Bank of Australia required that interchange fees be dramatically reduced, from about 0.95% of the transaction to approximately 0.5%.[citation needed] One notable result has been the reduced use of reward cards and increased use of debit cards.
Research by Professor Adam Levitin of Georgetown University Law Center, however,indicates that interchange fees were originally designed as a method for banks to avoid usury and Truth-in-Lending laws.[9] Typically, the bulk of the fee goes to the issuing bank.
In January 2007,Senate Banking committee chairman Chris Dodd cited interchange fees at a hearing on credit card industry practices and again in March the fees were criticized by Sen. Norm Coleman.[21] In January 2007, Microsoft chairman Bill Gates cited high interchange fees as a significant reason Microsoft believes it can't be competitive in online micropayments.
Merchant groups in particular, including the U.S.-based Merchants Payments Coalition and Merchant Bill of Rights,also claim that interchange fees are much higher than necessary,[16] pointing to the fact that even though technology and efficiency have improved, interchange fees have more than doubled in the last 10 years.
This holds true even when their interchange-driven fees exceed their profit margins.[5] Some countries, such as Australia,have established significantly lower interchange fees, although according to a U.S. Government Accountability Office study, the savings enjoyed by merchants were not passed along to consumers.[6] The fees are also the subject of several ongoing lawsuits in the United States.
Image from a GAO report explaining how the interchange fee works.
The origins of the interchange fee are a matter of some controversy.
That $1.70 of the $2, this is called an interchange fee.
Thus, the Interchange Fee is understood to be mainly the compensation for the Issuing Bank for the statement accumulation period and the post-statement'Grace Period'.
Senate hearings in the UnitedStates have focused on the secrecy surrounding interchange fee schedules and card operating rules.
Interchange fee is a term used in the payment card industry to describe a fee paid between banks for the acceptance of card-based transactions.
In a credit card or debit card transaction,the card-issuing bank in a payment transaction deducts the interchange fee from the amount it pays the acquiring bank that handles a credit or debit card transaction for a merchant.
Banks do not expect to make a significant amount of money from late fees and interest charges from creditworthy customers(who pay in full every month),and instead make their profits on the interchange fee charged to merchants.[10].
The acquiring bankthen pays the merchant the amount of the transaction minus both the interchange fee and an additional, usually smaller,fee for the acquiring bank or independent sales organization(ISO), which is often referred to as a discount rate, an add-on rate, or passthru.
Usually for sales/services transactions it is a fee that a merchant's bank(the"acquiring bank") pays a customer's bank(the"issuing bank");and for cash transactions the interchange fee is paid from the issuer to acquirer, often called reverse interchange. .