Приклади вживання Media ownership transparency Англійська мовою та їх переклад на Українською
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The European Union and media ownership transparency.
The declaration was followed by a November 2014statement by G20 leaders setting the principles on media ownership transparency.
According to the Media Pluralism Monitor the lack of media ownership transparency is identified as a risk for media plurality.
This is because the primary objective of rules thatare not media-specific is not media ownership transparency.
When assessing the state of media ownership transparency, five dimensions should be taken into account to establish who and how controls the media in a given country:.
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Other sources of information on media ownership transparency.
Provisions which directly address media ownership transparency; provisions which are related to freedom of speech, and provisions concerning access to public information.
This is particular relevant when the constitution does not impose a positive obligation upon the state,but simply provides the option of disclosing media ownership transparency data.
This question aim at assessing the effectiveness of the laws that deal with media ownership transparency and if they succeed in disclosing the real owners of the media outlets.
Overall, the information provided through these kind of sources and organisations,is not enough systematic or detailed for providing an adequate account of media ownership transparency.[1].
A crucial issue for media ownership transparency is whether and how the information provided to public authorities is comprehensive, meaningful, updated and easily accessible to the wider public.
Overall, the different national regimes in place in Europe, do not properly perform the function of making clear to the citizensrelevant data for meeting citizens' interests in media ownership transparency.[1].
Disclosure of media ownership transparency information directly to the public can be implemented through public registers or by posting data on a media organisation's website.
Checks on the data provided and on its regular updating and accuracy, as well as sanctions for failure in reporting or updating it, can help improve the quality of recorded data,which are crucial for assessing media ownership transparency.
As a consequence, often media ownership transparency aimed at fulfilling the objective of primarily informing the public on media ownership structure is therefore often a byproduct of other measures.
Constitutional provisions recognising freedom of speech and access to information are widely included in national constitutions across Europe, and, even if they are general in nature and scope,they potentially lay the ground for media ownership transparency legislation.
On the basis of this research,IMI experts prepared the research of media ownership transparency in 10 regions of Ukraine, within the framework of which actual owners of regional media outlets were investigated and made public;
After all, we need to reform state and communal media financed by state and local budgets which are a Soviet-era holdover,as well as provide for efficient legislative mechanisms for media ownership transparency, overcoming corruption and advertising market monopolization»,- added Ms. Sokolenko.
The lack of ad hoc legal provisions on media ownership transparency is partially explained with the fact that often the existing laws have been established with the aim of fulfilling other regulatory objectives, such as providing information to media regulators or for company law purposes.
Non media-related specific transparency rules can be found in other legislative acts, such as domestic and EU competition rules,that can indirectly strengthen media ownership transparency, or company laws that require the disclosure of shareholdings interests in private companies.
Another non-binding document on media ownership transparency is a 2008 Resolution from the European Parliament which encourages the"disclosure of ownership of all media outlets to help achieve greater transparency regarding the aims and background of the broadcasters and publishers".[9].
These include, namely, accountability of the President of Ukraine, public broadcasting service,mass-media denationalization, media ownership transparency, liquidation of the National Committee on public morality defense, independent and competent National Council on television and radio broadcasting.
Forth, even if media ownership transparency information released to public authorities can in principle be accessed also by the public through freedom of information legislation, in practice, however, in many cases freedom of information is not fully implemented or reliance on it may be perceived by citizens to be excessively complex and even confrontational.[1].
The European Commission's High Level Group on media freedom andpluralism identified“the lack of media ownership transparency” as a key recommendation in its 2013 report.[20] Then a 2014 European Council meeting stated"transparency of media ownership and of funding sources(be) essential with a view to guaranteeing media freedom and pluralism" in guidelines issued in a 2014 Foreign Affairs Council meeting.
Even if media ownership transparency is not directly addressed in key international human rights charters, transparency is a basic precondition for the effective exercise of freedom of expression and the right to obtain information enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights(ECHR), and Article 11.1 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.
At the EU level, the legislative competence concerning media ownership transparency is controversial.[17][18] However, the European Commission has promoted a number of initiatives to improve citizens' awareness of media pluralism, such as the Media Pluralism Monitor,[19] a monitoring tool for assessing risks and threats for media pluralism in the EU member states on the basis of a set of legal, economic and socio-cultural indicators.
Also, media ownership transparency is essential for preventing concentration of media power which can unduly influence public opinion and the political debate.[14] Precisely, transparency of media ownership is a precondition for assessing levels of concentration or other dimensions of diversity in a given media system.[13] Indeed, if readers don't know who the real owners of media companies are, it is difficult to envisage measures to address media concentrations as well as conflict of interests.
Specifically, media ownership transparency is crucial for promoting media pluralism, a principle set forth in the European Convention on Human Rights(ECHR) which entails a positive obligation for the state to"put in place an appropriate legislative and administrative framework to guarantee effective pluralism".[12][13] One of the way for guaranteeing media pluralism is to ensure a wide diversity of media ownership, which is a necessary but not sufficient condition for pluralism.
Guidelines and milestones on what media ownership transparency might entails can be found in non-binding Council of Europe documents, in particular on the Committee of Ministers' Recommendation R(94) 13 on Measures to Promote Media Transparency and Recommendation(2007)2 on Media Pluralism and Diversity of Media Content.[8] According to this recommendations, to understand who and how effectively owns or control the media the public should be in the condition of accessing the following information:.
Constitutional provisions relating to media ownership transparency; Media-related provisions regulating the disclosure of ownership information to public authorities; Media-related provisions regulating the disclosure of ownership information directly to the citizens; General non-media specific transparency requirements regulating disclosure rules for company ownership, such as conflict of interest rules; Other sources providing media ownership information.