Примери за използване на Labour-time на Английски и техните преводи на Български
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He here confounds the duration of labour-time with the duration of its products.
In spite of this, all these pieces taken as a whole may contain superfluously expended labour-time.
Both parts of the labour-time exist, therefore, independently, side by side one with the other.
In spite of this, all the pieces taken as a whole may have had superfluous labour-time spent on them.
Beyond this his necessary labour-time, the labourer, we saw, could continue to work for 2, 3, 4, 6,&c., hours.
Its value, like that of any other commodity is determined by the labour-time required for its production.
They have cost less labour-time than the great bulk of the same article produced under the average social conditions.
It is only while he labours that he produces any value at all, andthe amount of his labour is measured by his labour-time.
This part of the working day I call surplus labour-time, and to the labour expended during that time I give the name of surplus labour.
There would be an alteration, not in the length of the working-day, butin its division into necessary labour-time and surplus labour-time.
For the peasant of the Middle Ages, therefore, the labour-time needed to reproduce the objects he obtained in exchange was quite accurately known.
As value it appears as something merely contingent, something merely determined by its relation to socially necessary, equal,simple labour-time.
Hence, the peasant of the Middle Ages knew fairly accurately the labour-time required for the manufacture of the articles obtained by him in barter.
It depends upon the labour productivity how much use-value shall be produced in a definite time,hence also in a definite surplus labour-time.
The category of surplus labour-time does not exist at all for him, since it is included in the normal working-day, which he thinks he has paid for in the day's wages.
Money, as the measure of value, is the necessary phenomenal form of the measure of value immanent in commodities- i.e., labour-time.
The value of labour-power was determined, not only by labour-time necessary to maintain the individual adult laborer, but also by that necessary to maintain his family.
The capitalist can now wring from the labour a certain quantity of surplus-labour without allowing him the labour-time necessary for his own subsistence.
The same would happen for the opposite reason, if the labour-time required for the production of commodity A increased and that required for all other commodities remained unchanged.
In a given country,only a degree of intensity which is above the national average alters the measurement of value by the mere duration of labour-time.
What they propose is in fact the rule of value(since value is nothing butthe amount of social labour-time necessary to produce a good) without the intervention of money.
They are values as expressions of the same element; and they are equal values, equivalents,insofar as they represent an equal amount of labour-time.
As soon as labour in the direct form has ceased to be the great well-spring of wealth, labour-time ceases to be its measure, and exchange-value ceases to be the measure of use- value.
All surplus-value, whatever particular form(profit, interest or rent) it may subsequently crystallize into,is in substance the materialization of unpaid labour-time.
This extension of the surplus labour-time from b c to b' c, from 2 hours to 3 h ours, is, however, evidently impossible, without a simultaneous contraction of the necessary labour-time from a b into a b', from 10 hours to 9 hours.
Money as a measure of value, is the phenomenal form that must of necessity be assumed by that measure of value which is immanent in commodities: labour-time.”.
Conversely, if the labour-time required for the production of commodity A remained unchanged, while that of all others were reduced, then it would exchange for larger amounts of all the other commodities.
Relative surplus-value is absolute, since it compels the absolute prolongation of the working-day beyond the labour-time necessary to the existence of the labourer himself.
If all commodities except one increase in value because they cost more labour-time than they did before, smaller amounts of these commodities will be exchanged for the single commodity whose labour-time remains unchanged.
The most important and incisive progress was the transition to metal money, butthis had the consequence that the determination of value by labour-time was no longer visibly apparent on the surface of commodity exchange.