Examples of using Cross-subsidization in English and their translations into Arabic
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Colloquial
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Political
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Ecclesiastic
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Ecclesiastic
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Computer
Cross-subsidization of services and clients;
Endorse the methodology to avoid cross-subsidization of co-financing activities;
(e) Where applicable, competition with external suppliers is fair,i.e. not subject to cross-subsidization.
Global cross-subsidization and large-scale public investment would be required in order to attract private investment.
Insufficient cost-recovery policies and rates, and possible cross-subsidization of trust fund activities by the regular budget resources;
Cross-subsidization services and clients. It should be noted that cost recovery is easier for some services than others.
The need to come up with policies, including cross-subsidization schemes to help pay for the services of the poorest sectors of the population.
In addition to a general account, separate accounts for oil, liquefied natural gas(LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)are set up to avoid cross-subsidization.
Pooling thus insulates users against catastrophic health expenditures through the cross-subsidization of financial risks associated with expenditures on health.
An incumbent that operates both in competitive anduncompetitive markets of the value chain can take advantage of cross-subsidization.
One speaker noted that thecost recovery policy should avoid cross-subsidization from core to non-core activities and allow for full cost recovery.
It is also important that the G-20 look into whether the necessary funding is providedfor the accomplishment of these mandates and avoid cross-subsidization by core resources.
International cooperation in the form of a single global pool ormultiple coordinated pools would facilitate the cross-subsidization of health systems in developing States and allow for the coordination of donor activities in recipient States.
Compulsory participation ensures universal insurance coverage and allows for the use of equalization mechanisms, or risk adjusters,to facilitate cross-subsidization between different pools.
To limit the cross-subsidization, the Office informed the Board of its keen interest in the UNDG study planned to be carried out in 2010 on determining a minimum threshold for new multi-donor trust funds.
Where sanitation fees are separate from water tariffs,progressive fee structures could support cross-subsidization of sewer connections for the poor.
They were pleased that the proposed framework would lead to reduced cross-subsidization from core to non-core, which meant that more core resources could be dedicated to programme activities, a key incentive for core resource contributors.
This approach, combined with continuous monitoring of cost recovery income, will ensure that there is no undue cross-subsidization among various fund sources.
Cross-subsidization of financial risks thus protects vulnerable or marginalized groups, such as the poor, from catastrophic health expenditures and ensures access to good quality health facilities, goods and services that may otherwise be financially inaccessible.
The working group aims to develop a sound cost recovery policy to ensure the true attribution of all costs totheir proper funding sources and to avoid cross-subsidization between funds.
The Assistant Administrator, Bureau of Management, UNDP,in addressing the balance between full cost recovery and declining cross-subsidization from core to non-core resources, clarified that proposed incentives dealt with soft earmarking and duration and volume of grant money.
Voluntary schemes are thus ineffective in increasing access to health facilities, goods and services for the poor because they do not generatelarge enough pools to facilitate robust cross-subsidization.
It was noted that the adapted funding model could address the recurring funding problems of the Office andthat it would eliminate cross-subsidization between funds and improve the imbalanced situation of general-purpose and special-purpose funding.
Adverse selection leads to the exclusion of the poor and individuals with pre-existing illnesses from insurance pools, including the poor, and results in smaller, less diverse pools,which weakens the effects of cross-subsidization.
Moreover, competition authorities do not have the required competence todeal with such complex issues as redistributive policy(through cross-subsidization) and universal service obligations.
In the case of United Parcel Service(UPS) and Government of Canada, the plaintiff alleged that Canada Post Corporation, a Canadian Crown corporation, had engaged in anticompetitive practices,including predatory conduct and cross-subsidization.
Social health insurance programmes must be funded through compulsory contributions in the form of prepayments in order to achieve universal access to good quality health facilities,goods and services and robust cross-subsidization of financial and health risks.
In the case of United Parcel Service(UPS) and Government of Canada, the plaintiff alleged that Canada Post Corporation, a Canadian Crown corporation, had engaged in anticompetitive practices,including predatory conduct and cross-subsidization.
This includes a responsibility to pool funds internationally from compulsory contributions by States, based upon their ability to pay, and allocatefunds to States, based upon their need, in order to achieve cross-subsidization of resources for health globally.
(b) Develop social health insurance programmes funded through compulsory, progressive contributions, supplemented by general tax revenue,comprising a pool of contributors large enough to promote effective cross-subsidization, with absolute exemptions for the poor;