Examples of using Observing programmes in English and their translations into Arabic
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Ocean observing programmes.
It has also stressed the importance of increasing the scientific understandingof the oceans/atmosphere interface, including through participation in ocean observing programmes and GISs(ibid., para. 124).
Ocean observing programmes.
Individuals within the research community may participate in coordinated investigation programmes(see figure II). Discipline coordinators will review all suggestions andorganize similar coordinated investigation programmes into observing programmes that can be implemented.
Ocean observing programmes.
Potential contributions of the World Meteorological Organization(WMO) and its partnersto the energy issue will be to implement and sustain the land-based, marine-based and space-based observing programmes that will provide information to decision makers on energy potential at various sites.
In addition to ocean observing programmes and the development of GIS, a growing number of large-scale scientific research projects have been organized.
Stresses the importance of increasing the scientific understanding of the oceans/atmosphere interface and other factors required for an integrated ecosystem-based approach to the management of oceans and coastal areas,including through participation in ocean observing programmes and geographic information systems;
The implementation of land-, marine- and space-based observing programmes that will provide information to decision makers on energy potential at various sites.
Day-by-day services did not exist to the same degree as for atmospheric and oceanographic observations. Parties noted that adherence to such fundamental principles of global observations as continuity and homogeneity was problematic for the terrestrial domain,since most the current terrestrial observing programmes were relatively short-term scientific projects.
Such activities will benefit from better cooperation with space observing programmes and, in that respect, a new joint CEOS/WMO initiative has been developed concerning the monitoring of ozone.
Ocean observing programmes. The Global Oceans Observing System has surpassed its target of 60 per cent completion and has demonstrated that better ocean observations and services could be provided with increased funding.
One potential area for future WMO contributionsis the implementation and maintenance of the land-based, marine-based and space-based observing programmes that will inform decision makers on energy potential at various sites, and therefore on appropriate sites for installation of potential renewable energy technologies.
Later, the observing programmes will be organized into cross-disciplinary topical universal process workshops to discuss and communicate the scientific results of the International Heliophysical Year campaigns. Figure II.
The second element was the implementation of original research programmes in basic space science appropriate for the state of existing facilities and of scientific development in a given country, for example,the implementation of variable star observing programmes supplemented by information from the fields of computer science, mathematics, physics and astronomy.
It builds on the strategies of existing international global observing programmes and on current achievements, with additional integrated efforts being directed on those areas where satisfactory international arrangements and structures do not currently exist.
In collaboration with appropriate United Nations and external partners, the subprogramme will alert the world to emerging problems by initiating periodic assessments ofpriority environmental issues; strengthening linkages among global, regional and national environmental observing programmes; and providing authoritative information for policy formulation and implementation.
Ocean observing programmes. In July 2013, the IOC Assembly noted that all sustained ocean observations and services activities of IOC should fall under the framework of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
There is also a need to shift from datacollection in research programmes to operational systematic observing programmes and institutions able to provide both the long-term time series needed to monitor and assess global change, and information delivered rapidly for immediate use in decision-making.
In many areas, ongoing observing programmes such as those identified as LMR components of the GOOS InitialObserving System are significant components of a regional system which need only minor augmentation and linkage through a regional analysis centre.
The United Nations Basic Space Science Initiative has also contributed to the extension of mirror sites of the NASA astrophysical data system, the use of virtual observatories and the implementation of the" Tripod" concept,which aimed at comprehensively using instruments, observing programmes and teaching materials at the university level in countries where space science was used as a tool for promoting socio-economic development.
Such activities will benefit from better cooperation with space observing programmes and, in that respect, a new integrated global atmospheric chemistry observation theme is being developed within IGOS for the monitoring of atmospheric chemical components such as ozone and greenhouse gases.
Stresses the importance of increasing the scientific understanding of the oceans/atmosphere interface,including through participation in ocean observing programmes and geographic information systems, such as the Global Ocean Observing System, a programme of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, particularly considering their role in monitoring climate variability and in the establishment of tsunami warning systems;
Thus the Advisory Body has been examining how to define operational oceanography in view of therapid development of technologies used for ocean observing programmes(see sect. VIII. C below); and how to develop practical guidelines based on the relevant provisions of UNCLOS provisions related to marine scientific research with a view to facilitating and promoting operational oceanography.
Stresses the importance of increasing the scientific understanding of the oceans/atmosphere interface,including through participation in ocean observing programmes and geographic information systems, such as the Global Ocean Observing System, a programme of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, particularly considering their role in monitoring and forecasting climate change and variability and in the establishment and operation of tsunami warning systems;
Stresses the importance of increasing the scientific understanding of the oceans-atmosphere interface,including through participation in ocean observing programmes and geographic information systems, such as the Global Ocean Observing System, sponsored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Meteorological Organization and the International Council for Science, particularly considering their role in monitoring and forecasting climate change and variability and in the establishment and operation of tsunami warning systems;
A key linkage between the observing programme and useful predictions of system dynamics is process studies and modelling.
The Klet Observatory in the South Bohemia region(www. klet. org)has maintained the observing programme devoted to near-Earth asteroids(NEAs) and comets since 1992.
SCN daily, behind-the-scenes, prioritization calculations free observers from the need to establish criteria on what to observe; they need only organize an observing programme based on the suggestions provided by SCN lists.