Examples of using Primary surplus in English and their translations into Arabic
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Primary surplus= (interest rate- GDP growth) public debt.
The budget for 2007 targeted a domestic primary surplus of about 1 per cent of GDP.
The consolidated primary surplus is 5 per cent of GDP and reserves have increased from nearly ten billion dollars to over twenty-five billion.
While the region 's countries once again achieved a large primary surplus(see figure II), it was lower than in 2006.
The above-mentioned average primary surplus reflects a fiscal performance that is common to almost all the countries in the region.
Maintaining and 2019 surplus path of EFKA is critical,as the result of the insurance giant affecting the primary surplus of the country.
This indicator is usually used to analyse the primary surplus that is required to stabilize the debt-to-GDP ratio.
This was against a backdrop of increased buoyancy in tax revenuesas a result of inflation which, in fact, was instrumental in generating a primary surplus of 2.2 billion pesos.
In 2009, there should still be a primary surplus, albeit a smaller one, and the total deficit will expand to 1.5 per cent of GDP.
It is unrealistic to assume that changes in the primary deficit will have no effect on the interest rate and growth,or that changes in growth do not affect the primary surplus.
Excluding debt service payments, Lebanon had a primary surplus of 27 per cent of total budget expenditures in the first half of 2002.
At the same time, fiscal adjustment remains essential to Italy's short- and long-term stability. According to the International Monetary Fund,the budget deficit is declining, and the primary surplus(net revenues minus interest payments) is growing.
Lipton also warned that while the primary surplus targets for 2017-18 and 2018-19 are achievable, they are subject to risks, including from higher oil prices.
Some of the characteristics of 2007 differed from those of the 2002-2006 period,since the latter was characterized by a growing primary surplus, a falling overall deficit and a sustained decline in public debt.
This enabled their central governments to build up a primary surplus that, as a weighted average, was equivalent to 2 per cent of GDP, as against the 1.8 per cent surplus they had posted in 2003.
At a broader level of coverage that is more representative of countries that have a more highlydecentralized public sector(Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico), the non-financial public sector ' s primary surplus increased, on average, from 3.2 per cent of GDP in 2003 to 3.8 per cent in 2004.
The two factors combined to allow central Governments to achieve a primary surplus of 1.1 per cent of GDP(measured as a simple average) at the end of 2005, compared with 0.7 per cent in 2004.
Thus, for instance, in his country study on the South American economies, the independent expert reports that in the context of the Argentine crisis in 2002, international cooperation could have taken the form of providing for implementing a counter-cyclical policy on social safety nets in the post-crisis periodrather than forcing the country to generate a larger primary surplus.
Of the 19 countries for which information is available,16 achieved a primary surplus in 2007(only Haiti, Honduras and Guatemala ran a primary deficit).
In 2012, it plans to increase the minimum wage by 14% according to the current adjustment rule, with a strong impact on social-security benefits, and the public-investment outlays that were repressed last year are also likely to resume. These measures, plus a reduction in tax revenues,should reduce the primary surplus and contribute to reviving demand.
In the draft budget for 2020,the given fiscal balance is not disrupted and the primary surplus targets for the years 2019 and 2020, agreed by the previous government, are not disputed.
Under any scenario, Greece will need to run a primary surplus and undertake structural reforms to transform its economy. And many insist that this will not happen, because Greece simply refuses to change.
The budget deficit in the first quarter of 1998 amounted to 31 per cent, compared to 55 per cent in the corresponding period in 1997-but there was a primary surplus on the budget of LL 207 billion compared to a primary deficit of LL 318 billion one year earlier.
The Government has also consistently met ambitious primary surplus targets, which has helped stabilize the public debt ratio and improved the primary balance to just over 4 per cent of GDP in 2002.
Once the link between“reform” and growth is broken- as it has been in Greece- his argument collapses. With no path to growth,the creditors' demand for an eventual 3.5%-of-GDP primary surplus is actually a call for more contraction, beginning with another deep slump this year.
Countries can reduce their national debt by narrowing thebudget deficit or achieving a primary surplus(the fiscal balance minus interest payments on outstanding debt). This can be accomplished through tax increases, government-spending cuts, faster economic growth, or some combination of these components.
In the public finances arena, the 2012 budgets of the countries in the regionpoint to a slight deterioration in the fiscal accounts, with a primary surplus equal to 0.2 per cent of GDP and an overall deficit equal to 1.7 per cent of GDP, essentially owing to declining fiscal revenue.
Looking ahead,the IMF predicts that Greece will have a gradually rising primary surplus and a gradually declining overall deficit over the next several years. But, unless Greece is able to increase its rate of economic growth, the budget will remain in deficit and the debt will remain at nearly its current share of GDP.
It was widely anticipated that Greece would be tempted to follow this route when the troika program was initiated. Last year, the new Greek finance minister, Yanis Varoufakis, confirmed the prediction,arguing that a primary surplus would give Greece the upper hand in any negotiations on debt restructuring, because it could just suspend repayments to the troika, without incurring any financing problems.
More recently, public spending has been on the rise,and this has curbed the expansion of the primary surplus, which has become solely dependent on income levels, and the reduction of public debt has also slowed.